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Entertainment and Celebrity

School Holidays Impact Online Transportation Demand More Significantly Than 8 Percent Commission Adjustment

by Nana Muazin
written by Nana Muazin

The landscape of Indonesia’s ride-hailing and online transportation sector is currently undergoing a period of significant transition, marked by a shift in commission structures and the seasonal fluctuations of the urban market. While the recent adjustment of application commissions to 8 percent has become a primary topic of debate among driver-partners, emerging evidence and field reports suggest that external factors—most notably the school holiday season—exert a far more profound influence on daily earnings than the revised fee schedules. This phenomenon highlights the complex interplay between platform policy, consumer behavior, and the cyclical nature of urban mobility in major Indonesian metropolitan areas like Jakarta.

For several weeks, driver communities across various digital platforms have been dissecting the implications of the 8 percent commission rate. However, seasoned practitioners within the industry argue that the perceived decline in income during this period is not a direct consequence of the commission change itself, but rather a result of a sharp contraction in demand. As educational institutions close for the mid-year break, the massive volume of daily commutes associated with students, teachers, and parents—often referred to as the "school run" economy—temporarily vanishes, leaving a void that the standard corporate or leisure segments struggle to fill.

The Dynamics of the 8 Percent Commission Scheme

The transition to an 8 percent commission fee was initially framed as a move to improve the take-home pay of drivers. Under previous models, many platforms operated on a 20 percent commission basis, which often drew criticism from labor advocates and driver unions who argued that the high overhead hampered the financial sustainability of the gig workforce. The reduction to 8 percent was intended to provide a more equitable distribution of revenue, theoretically allowing drivers to retain a larger share of each fare.

Despite this reduction in the platform’s cut, many drivers reported a stagnant or even declining daily revenue. Analysis of these reports reveals a critical distinction between "rate per trip" and "total daily volume." While a driver might earn more per individual kilometer under an 8 percent scheme, the total number of kilometers driven in a day is heavily dependent on market demand. When demand drops—as it does during school holidays—the benefits of a lower commission are often neutralized by the increased "dead mileage" and longer waiting times between orders.

The Impact of School Holidays on Urban Mobility

Jakarta, a city where the transportation ecosystem is deeply intertwined with the academic calendar, experiences a visible shift in traffic patterns and digital order frequency during the months of June and July. According to Saidah Anwar, a veteran online transportation partner based in Jakarta, the current narrative surrounding the 8 percent commission requires a more nuanced perspective that accounts for these seasonal realities.

"If you ask me, the decline in income isn’t because of the 8 percent commission cut, but because of other factors. It just so happens that this is school holiday month," Anwar stated during a discussion on the matter in mid-July 2026. Her observation points to a broader trend where the absence of student commuters significantly reduces the "base load" of orders during the morning and afternoon peak hours.

During a typical school week, the period between 06:00 and 08:00 and again between 14:00 and 16:00 represents a guaranteed window of high demand. Parents utilize ride-hailing services to send children to school safely, and older students utilize motorbikes (ojek online) to navigate through morning congestion. When schools are in recess, this entire segment of the market disappears. Furthermore, the ripple effect extends to ancillary services, such as food delivery (GoFood/GrabFood), as school-based orders and lunch deliveries for faculty also cease.

Chronology of the Commission Debate

The debate over commission structures in Indonesia has a long history, characterized by a tug-of-war between platform profitability, driver welfare, and government regulation.

  1. The 20 Percent Era: For years, a 20 percent commission was the industry standard, justified by platforms as necessary to cover operational costs, technological development, and marketing subsidies.
  2. Regulatory Intervention: The Indonesian Ministry of Transportation (Kemenhub) has periodically stepped in to set floor and ceiling prices (Tarif Batas Bawah and Tarif Batas Atas) to prevent predatory pricing and ensure drivers earn a living wage.
  3. The Shift to 8 Percent: In a bid to remain competitive and respond to driver grievances, certain platforms and regional pilots began implementing an 8 percent commission model. This was met with optimism but also skepticism regarding the long-term sustainability of the platforms.
  4. The July 2026 Assessment: As of July 17, 2026, the 8 percent scheme is being tested against the reality of a low-demand season. The current period serves as a stress test for the new commission model, revealing that volume is the ultimate king of the gig economy.

Supporting Data: The Scale of the Gig Economy

To understand why a shift in school attendance affects the economy so deeply, one must look at the sheer scale of the digital transportation sector in Indonesia. As of the mid-2020s, it is estimated that over 4 million Indonesians are registered as active driver-partners across various platforms. The sector contributes billions of dollars to the national GDP.

Libur Sekolah Lebih Pengaruhi Order Online daripada Komisi 8 Persen

Data from urban mobility studies indicates that school-related travel accounts for approximately 15 to 22 percent of all morning peak-hour traffic in Jakarta. When this volume is removed from the ride-hailing ecosystem, the "supply" of drivers remains constant while the "demand" drops by nearly a quarter. This imbalance leads to what drivers call "anyep" (a slang term for a lack of incoming orders), regardless of what the commission percentage might be.

Strategic Adaptations and Driver Behavior

The current situation has forced drivers to become more strategic in their operations. Experienced partners, like Saidah Anwar, emphasize that income is often a result of "pola kerja" or work patterns rather than just platform settings. Drivers who successfully navigate the holiday slump often employ several tactics:

  • Geographic Shifting: Moving away from residential areas and school zones toward shopping malls, tourist attractions, and transportation hubs (airports and train stations) where holiday travelers are more likely to congregate.
  • Time Optimization: Adjusting work hours to capture the late-evening leisure crowd rather than the early-morning school crowd.
  • Multi-Platform Usage: Utilizing multiple apps simultaneously to minimize downtime, although this remains a point of contention with some platform policies.

The disparity in experiences between drivers often boils down to these micro-decisions. While one driver may see a 30 percent drop in income by staying in their usual "school zone" neighborhood, another may maintain their earnings by relocating to a high-traffic commercial district.

The Argument for Sustainability

While the 8 percent commission is popular among drivers for its immediate perceived benefit, some analysts and government officials urge caution. A "Read Also" perspective from earlier in the year suggested that the government might need to maintain or advocate for a 20 percent commission in some contexts to ensure the long-term sustainability of the platforms.

The rationale behind this is that platforms require significant capital to maintain the digital infrastructure, provide insurance for drivers, and offer the discounts that attract customers in the first place. If the commission is too low, platforms may reduce their marketing spend, leading to fewer customers and, ironically, fewer orders for the drivers. The current 8 percent debate is therefore not just about driver pay, but about the survival of the entire digital ecosystem.

Official Responses and Future Implications

The Ministry of Transportation continues to monitor the situation closely. Officials have noted that while they support initiatives to increase driver income, they are also concerned with "predatory pricing" where platforms might cut commissions to unsustainably low levels to drive out competitors, only to raise them later once a monopoly is established.

The current holiday season serves as a vital data point for regulators. It proves that the "problem" of low driver income cannot be solved by commission adjustments alone. It requires a holistic approach that includes:

  1. Demand Generation: Platforms need to find ways to stimulate demand during off-peak seasons.
  2. Fare Flexibility: Allowing for slightly higher fares during low-demand periods to compensate for the lack of volume, though this risks alienating price-sensitive consumers.
  3. Driver Education: Providing data-driven insights to drivers about where and when to work during seasonal shifts.

Conclusion: A Lesson in Market Realities

The case of the 8 percent commission versus the school holiday impact is a classic study in market dynamics. For the millions of drivers in Jakarta and beyond, the lesson is clear: while the rules of the platform (commissions and fees) are important, the laws of supply and demand remain the dominant force.

As schools prepare to reopen in late July and August, it is expected that order volumes will surge back to their normal levels. At that point, the true impact of the 8 percent commission will be easier to measure. If drivers see a significant increase in take-home pay once the volume returns, the new scheme will be hailed as a success. However, if the increased volume still results in struggles due to platform competition or rising fuel costs, the conversation will likely shift once again toward the need for a more comprehensive regulatory framework.

For now, the focus remains on navigating the final weeks of the holiday season. As Saidah Anwar and many others have demonstrated, the ability to adapt to the rhythm of the city is perhaps the most valuable skill a driver can possess in the ever-evolving world of online transportation. The 8 percent commission is a welcome change for many, but it is the return of the ringing school bell that will truly restore the balance of the digital marketplace.

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Entertainment and Celebrity

Jakarta Weekend Concert Schedule Features Massive Monas Classical Performance and Afgans 18th Anniversary Retrospective

by Lina Hope
written by Lina Hope

The Indonesian capital of Jakarta is set to become a vibrant hub of musical diversity this Saturday, July 18, 2026, as two major large-scale musical events prepare to draw tens of thousands of spectators to the city’s central and southern districts. These events, ranging from a massive open-air classical orchestra at the National Monument (Monas) to a high-production retrospective concert by pop icon Afgansyah Reza at the Jakarta International Convention Center (JICC), highlight the city’s robust cultural scene and its growing status as a premier destination for live entertainment in Southeast Asia. The simultaneous occurrence of these events reflects a broader trend in the Indonesian creative economy, where both high-art accessibility and premium commercial entertainment coexist to serve a wide demographic of music enthusiasts.

The first major event, titled Konser Akbar Monas, represents a significant milestone in the democratization of classical music within Indonesia. Led by the world-renowned Indonesian maestro Stephen Tong, the concert is designed to bring the complexities of symphonic music to the general public in a setting that is both historic and accessible. This performance is not merely a concert but a cultural statement, utilizing the Silang Tenggara area of the National Monument to host an orchestra of over 200 musicians. The ensemble consists of the Jakarta Simfonia Orchestra (JSO) and the Jakarta Oratorio Society (JOS), two institutions that have been at the forefront of promoting Western classical music and sacred choral works in the region for decades.

Historically, classical music in Jakarta was often confined to elite indoor concert halls with high ticket prices. However, the 2026 iteration of the Monas concert continues a tradition of large-scale outdoor performances that began gaining momentum in the late 2010s. By removing the financial barrier—offering the event entirely free of charge with no registration required—organizers aim to foster a deeper appreciation for orchestral arrangements among the youth and the working-class citizens of Jakarta. The repertoire for the evening is expected to be a curated blend of Indonesian national anthems, traditional folk songs reimagined with symphonic grandeur, and timeless masterpieces from the Western classical canon, such as those by Beethoven, Handel, or Sibelius.

Logistically, the Konser Akbar Monas is prepared to handle a massive influx of visitors. The gates to the Silang Tenggara area are scheduled to open at 17:00 WIB, with the performance officially commencing at 18:30 WIB. City officials have coordinated with PT Transportasi Jakarta to ensure that public transit remains the primary mode of arrival for attendees. Commuters are advised to utilize TransJakarta services, specifically lines servicing the Balai Kota and Gambir stops, to minimize traffic congestion in the Medan Merdeka area. The choice of Monas as a venue also serves a symbolic purpose, as the monument stands as a beacon of Indonesian independence and national identity, providing a dramatic backdrop for a night of patriotic and classical melodies.

In stark contrast to the open-air symphonic gathering at Monas, the southern part of the city will host a more intimate yet technologically sophisticated celebration of contemporary Indonesian pop. At the Plenary Hall of the Jakarta International Convention Center (JICC) in Senayan, Afgansyah Reza, known mononymously as Afgan, will mark 18 years of his career with a solo concert titled "Afgan Retrospektif: The Concert." Since his debut in 2008 with the hit single "Terima Kasih Cinta," Afgan has evolved from a teenage soul-pop sensation into a sophisticated R&B and global artist. This 18th-anniversary show is framed as a "retrospective," a deep dive into the various creative phases that have defined his nearly two-decade journey in the music industry.

The "Retrospektif" concert is reported to be Afgan’s largest and most ambitious solo production to date. To elevate the musical experience, he has partnered with the legendary composer and conductor Erwin Gutawa. The Erwin Gutawa Orchestra will provide a "Grand Symphonic Universe" concept, reinterpreting Afgan’s extensive discography with lush, cinematic arrangements. This collaboration is particularly significant as Erwin Gutawa is widely regarded as the architect behind some of Indonesia’s most iconic solo concerts, known for his ability to blend pop sensibilities with orchestral depth.

The schedule for the Afgan concert is meticulously planned to provide a full-day experience for dedicated fans. Activities begin as early as 13:00 WIB with the opening of a special exhibition within the JICC complex, showcasing memorabilia, costumes, and behind-the-scenes photography from Afgan’s 18-year career. For premium ticket holders in the VVIP and Diamond categories, the day includes a "soundcheck experience" starting at 16:00 WIB, followed by a Meet and Greet session for VVIP guests at 16:40 WIB. The main event is scheduled to start at 20:00 WIB and is expected to run for three hours, concluding at 23:00 WIB.

Jadwal Konser Akhir Pekan Ini, Ada Konser Akbar Monas dan Afgan

A highlight of the evening will be the guest appearances by several of Indonesia’s most prominent musical figures. Afgan will share the stage with Kris Dayanti, a legendary diva whose career has spanned decades, as well as Mahalini, a representative of the new generation of Indonesian pop stars. The inclusion of Petra Sihombing as a guest performer also points to the more indie-pop and experimental influences that have permeated Afgan’s recent work, particularly his English-language releases. With a setlist of approximately 30 songs, the concert aims to satisfy long-time followers while showcasing Afgan’s vocal maturity and versatility.

From a broader economic and social perspective, the simultaneous hosting of these two events underscores the vitality of Jakarta’s entertainment infrastructure. The creative economy has become a pillar of the city’s development strategy, with the provincial government of Jakarta actively supporting events that promote tourism and local spending. For the Afgan concert, the Plenary Hall at JICC remains a premier choice due to its superior acoustics and central location in the Senayan sports and business district. Meanwhile, the use of Monas for a free public concert aligns with urban planning goals to transform public spaces into cultural hubs.

Industry analysts suggest that concerts of this scale have a significant multiplier effect on the local economy. Beyond ticket sales for the Afgan concert, which are estimated to reach millions of dollars in revenue, there is increased demand for hospitality services, transport, and retail. For the Monas concert, while free for the public, the event supports hundreds of jobs for stagehands, security personnel, and technicians, while also providing a platform for local food vendors in the surrounding areas.

Statements from organizers reflect a high level of optimism regarding the impact of these performances. Representatives from the Stephen Tong Ministries International (STMI) have emphasized that the Monas concert is a gift to the nation, intended to provide "spiritual and aesthetic nourishment" to the people of Jakarta regardless of their socio-economic status. On the commercial side, the production team behind "Afgan Retrospektif" has highlighted the technical challenges of the show, noting that the lighting and visual design will utilize the latest in immersive stage technology to match the symphonic scale of the music.

The logistics for the Senayan area will also be under heavy scrutiny this weekend. With the JICC being a focal point for the Afgan concert, the Jakarta Transportation Agency has recommended that attendees use the TransJakarta "Gerbang Pemuda" stop or the MRT Jakarta "Istora Mandiri" station to avoid the inevitable gridlock in the Sudirman-Thamrin corridor. Security protocols for both events are expected to be stringent, with hundreds of personnel from the Satpol PP (Public Order Agency) and the Indonesian National Police (Polri) deployed to manage crowds and ensure public safety.

As Jakarta moves further into 2026, the success of such large-scale musical gatherings serves as a litmus test for the city’s ability to host international-standard events. The juxtaposition of a free, 200-piece orchestra at a national monument and a high-end, orchestral pop retrospective in a convention hall illustrates the multifaceted nature of Indonesian identity—one that respects traditional and classical excellence while enthusiastically embracing modern pop culture.

For the citizens of Jakarta, this Saturday represents a rare opportunity to witness the pinnacle of Indonesian musical artistry. Whether they choose the breezy, open-air atmosphere of Monas to hear the soaring violins of the Jakarta Simfonia Orchestra or the refined, high-energy environment of the JICC to celebrate Afgan’s 18-year legacy, the message is clear: Jakarta is a city that sings. The weekend’s festivities are a testament to the enduring power of music to unite diverse audiences, stimulate the economy, and define the cultural heartbeat of a nation. As the final notes of the national anthems ring out at Monas and the last encore fades in Senayan, July 18, 2026, will likely be remembered as a landmark day for the Indonesian arts scene.

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Entertainment and Celebrity

The Artistic Journey and Complex Bond of Hasyakyla Utami and Adhisty Zara A Study of Sisterhood in the Indonesian Entertainment Industry

by Pevita Pearce
written by Pevita Pearce

The Indonesian entertainment landscape has long been captivated by the lives of celebrity siblings, but few have garnered as much consistent public attention as Hasyakyla Utami and her younger sister, Adhisty Zara. Originating from Bandung, West Java, the two sisters have navigated a unique path from the disciplined world of "idoldom" to the multifaceted realms of acting and social media influence. Their relationship, characterized by a blend of fierce public loyalty and candid sibling rivalry, offers a compelling look at the pressures and triumphs of growing up in the spotlight of the Jakarta-based media industry.

The Foundation of Stardom: The JKT48 Era and the Fifth Generation

The professional journey of Hasyakyla and Zara began in earnest when they joined JKT48, the first overseas sister group of the Japanese idol phenomenon AKB48. Both sisters were introduced as part of the 5th generation of the group, a cohort that entered the industry during a period of significant transition for the idol collective. Being siblings in the same generation is a rarity in the 48Group system, which inherently places members in a competitive environment where popularity is measured by handshake event sales, social media engagement, and the "Senbatsu Sousenkyo" (general elections).

Dua Kakak Beradik Artis Disorot, Intip Kedekatan Hasyakyla & Adhisty Zara

During their tenure in JKT48, the sisters were often seen performing together on the theater stage at fX Sudirman. However, even in these early years, their distinct personalities began to emerge. Adhisty Zara, often referred to simply as Zara, quickly rose to become a "center" candidate, possessing a natural charisma that resonated with the fanbase. Hasyakyla, known as Kyla, carved out her own niche with a personality often described as more outspoken and edgy compared to the traditional "sweet idol" archetype.

Their time in JKT48 served as a rigorous training ground. The idol system demands extreme discipline, long rehearsal hours, and a strictly managed public image. For two sisters navigating adolescence under these conditions, the experience served to both forge a deep bond and create the first seeds of the public comparison that would follow them throughout their careers.

Divergent Career Paths and Acting Breakthroughs

As the sisters transitioned out of JKT48—with Kyla graduating in 2019 and Zara shortly thereafter—their career trajectories began to diverge, further fueling public discourse. Adhisty Zara experienced a meteoric rise in the Indonesian film industry. Her breakout role as Disa in the blockbuster "Dilan 1990" (2018) was followed by a critically acclaimed performance in "Dua Garis Biru" (2019), where she played a pregnant teenager. These roles established her as one of the most sought-after young actresses in the country, earning her several prestigious nominations and awards.

Dua Kakak Beradik Artis Disorot, Intip Kedekatan Hasyakyla & Adhisty Zara

Hasyakyla, meanwhile, pursued a path that favored web series and independent-leaning projects. Her filmography includes titles like "Before I Met You" and various digital streaming series that allowed her to explore more diverse, often more mature, character arcs. While Zara was frequently the face of mainstream cinema, Kyla became a staple of the burgeoning digital content scene. This difference in professional "weight" led to frequent comparisons by fans and the media, with some observers unfairly framing their relationship as a competition for the spotlight.

The Dynamics of Sibling Rivalry and Public Perception

One of the most notable aspects of the Kyla-Zara relationship is their refusal to adhere to the "perfect sibling" trope often curated by celebrity PR teams. They have been remarkably open about the "dinamika khas saudara" (typical sibling dynamics) that define their daily lives. This includes what they describe as "perang kecil" or small wars—minor arguments and bickers that are common in any household but are magnified when played out in the public eye.

Social media has been the primary stage for these interactions. The sisters are known to trade "sindiran pedas" (sharp sarcasm) on platforms like X (formerly Twitter) and Instagram. While some fans interpret these exchanges as signs of a genuine rift, those closer to the sisters’ journey recognize it as a manifestation of their Bandung upbringing and their comfort with one another. They frequently share anecdotes from their childhood, discussing their habits and quirks with a level of transparency that is rare for Indonesian celebrities.

Dua Kakak Beradik Artis Disorot, Intip Kedekatan Hasyakyla & Adhisty Zara

This transparency has occasionally backfired, leading to headlines about "feuds" between the two. However, industry analysts suggest that this authenticity is exactly what makes them relatable to Gen Z audiences. In an era where "perfection" is often viewed with skepticism, the messy, honest, and sometimes volatile relationship between Kyla and Zara feels authentic to their followers.

Crisis Management and Mutual Defense

The true depth of the bond between Hasyakyla and Adhisty Zara is perhaps most visible during times of controversy. The Indonesian entertainment industry is known for its intense scrutiny of the private lives of young stars, and both sisters have faced their share of public backlash.

Adhisty Zara, in particular, has been the subject of several viral controversies that sparked significant debate on Indonesian social media. During these periods of intense public "hujatan" (denigration), Hasyakyla has consistently "pasang badan"—a local idiom meaning to put oneself on the line or act as a shield—for her younger sister. Despite their public bickering, Kyla has been a vocal defender of Zara’s right to privacy and her humanity, often calling out the hypocrisy of internet commenters.

Dua Kakak Beradik Artis Disorot, Intip Kedekatan Hasyakyla & Adhisty Zara

Conversely, Zara has also stood up for Kyla when the elder sister faced criticism. Whether the issues pertained to career choices, personal style, or social media statements, the younger sister has frequently utilized her massive platform to demand respect for her sibling. This "us-against-the-world" mentality, which emerges primarily during crises, serves as the bedrock of their relationship. It indicates that while they may argue over the trivial, their loyalty in the face of external threats is absolute.

Socio-Cultural Context: The "Sibling Brand" in Indonesia

The fascination with the Kyla-Zara dynamic is situated within a broader Indonesian cultural context that prizes family ties. In the Indonesian media market, "sibling brands" are highly lucrative. From the Al, El, and Dul trio to the Zalianty sisters, family units often navigate the industry as a collective force.

For Hasyakyla and Zara, their identity as "The Sundari Sisters" (referencing their middle names and family lineage) provides a marketing hook that benefits both. Brands often look to cast them together to capture the chemistry of their real-life relationship. However, this also presents a challenge: the difficulty of being recognized as individual artists rather than just "Zara’s sister" or "Kyla’s sister."

Dua Kakak Beradik Artis Disorot, Intip Kedekatan Hasyakyla & Adhisty Zara

The psychological impact of this constant comparison cannot be understated. Professional analysis of celebrity siblings suggests that the "younger-overachiever" vs. "older-rebel" narrative is a common archetype that the media imposes on them. In the case of Kyla and Zara, Kyla often adopts the persona of the more grounded, cynical observer, while Zara remains the high-energy star. Navigating these roles while trying to maintain a healthy personal relationship requires a level of emotional maturity that both have had to develop rapidly.

Timeline of Key Milestones

To understand their current standing, one must look at the chronology of their shared and individual successes:

  • 2016: Both sisters join JKT48 as 5th Generation trainees, marking their official entry into the professional entertainment industry.
  • 2017-2018: Zara is cast in "Dilan 1990," becoming a household name. Kyla begins to establish her presence on social media as a style and lifestyle influencer.
  • 2019: Graduation from JKT48. This year marks their transition from idols to independent artists. Zara stars in "Dua Garis Biru," solidifying her A-list status.
  • 2020-2021: The sisters face various social media storms. This period is marked by Kyla’s most vocal defenses of Zara, establishing their public "protector" dynamic.
  • 2022-2024: Both sisters expand their portfolios. Kyla takes on more acting roles in streaming series, while Zara explores theater and higher-concept films. They continue to appear together in various talk shows and digital content, reinforcing their "relatable sisters" image.

Implications for the Future of Young Talent in Indonesia

The trajectory of Hasyakyla and Adhisty Zara serves as a blueprint for the modern Indonesian celebrity. Their journey highlights the shift from the highly controlled "idol" environment to the more autonomous, albeit more scrutinized, world of independent stardom.

Dua Kakak Beradik Artis Disorot, Intip Kedekatan Hasyakyla & Adhisty Zara

Their story also underscores the importance of mental health support for young performers. Growing up in the public eye, especially alongside a sibling, creates a unique set of pressures. The fact that Kyla and Zara have managed to maintain a functional, loving, and supportive relationship despite the industry’s attempts to pit them against each other is a testament to their personal resilience and the strength of their family unit.

As they continue to mature, the public can expect the "Kyla-Zara" dynamic to evolve. While the "perang kecil" may continue to provide entertainment for their followers, the underlying narrative is one of two women navigating the complexities of fame, womanhood, and sisterhood in a rapidly changing cultural landscape. They remain a dominant force in the Indonesian Gen Z zeitgeist, proving that while individual talent is vital, the bond of family remains an unbeatable asset in the volatile world of show business.

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Entertainment and Celebrity

Hidden Dangers of Serving Hot Food on Plastic and Melamine Plates Expert Warns of Chemical Migration Risks

by Lina Hope
written by Lina Hope

The common sight of steaming bowls of bakso, aromatic soto, and freshly fried snacks served on brightly colored plastic or melamine plates is a staple of Indonesian culinary culture. From street-side vendors to household dining tables, these materials are favored for their durability, affordability, and lightweight nature. However, health experts and environmental practitioners are increasingly sounding the alarm regarding the hidden dangers associated with these convenient utensils. The primary concern lies in the phenomenon of chemical migration—a process where harmful substances from the container leach into the food, particularly when subjected to high temperatures, acidity, or oily contents.

Bang Sap, a prominent environmental business practitioner and digital content creator, recently highlighted these risks, challenging the widespread public perception that plastic and melamine are safe as long as they do not show visible signs of damage. Speaking on the matter in Jakarta, Bang Sap emphasized that the absence of melting or a chemical odor does not guarantee that a plate is inert. According to him, many consumers erroneously believe that if a plate maintains its structural integrity and looks aesthetically pleasing, it remains safe for all types of food service. This misconception, he warns, could lead to long-term health complications for millions of Indonesians who consume hot meals from these containers daily.

The Science of Chemical Migration

At the heart of this health warning is the scientific concept of "migration." In the context of food packaging and service-ware, migration refers to the transfer of chemical substances from the packaging material to the food product. This transfer is not constant but is heavily influenced by several external factors. When a material like plastic or melamine is exposed to heat, the molecular structure of the polymer can become less stable, allowing unreacted monomers or additives to escape the matrix of the material and enter the food.

Melamine-formaldehyde resin, the primary component of melamine plates, is a thermosetting plastic. While it is highly resistant to heat compared to standard thermoplastics, it is not invincible. When melamine plates are used to serve boiling liquids—such as the broth in soto or bakso, which often exceeds 80 to 90 degrees Celsius—the heat triggers the release of melamine and formaldehyde. Similarly, plastic plates made from lower-grade polymers may release Bisphenol A (BPA) or phthalates, both of which are known endocrine disruptors.

Bakso hingga Soto Sebaiknya Disajikan di Piring Keramik, Ini Alasannya

The risk is further compounded by the nature of the food itself. Indonesian cuisine frequently utilizes ingredients that are high in fat and acidity. Oily foods act as a solvent, facilitating the migration of fat-soluble chemicals from the plastic. Acidic components, such as the vinegar or lime juice commonly added to soups, can further degrade the surface of the plate, accelerating the leaching process. Bang Sap noted that the longer the food remains in contact with the container, the higher the concentration of migrated chemicals becomes.

Understanding Melamine vs. Plastic

While often grouped together, plastic and melamine are distinct materials with different chemical profiles. Plastic tableware is typically made from polymers like polypropylene (PP) or, in cheaper and less safe varieties, polystyrene. Polypropylene is generally considered safer for food use, but its "food grade" status is often dependent on it not being exposed to extreme heat unless specifically labeled as microwave-safe.

Melamine, on the other hand, is a nitrogen-rich compound. When combined with formaldehyde, it creates a hard, durable resin. The danger of melamine became a global concern following the 2008 Chinese milk scandal, where the chemical was illegally added to infant formula to artificially boost protein readings, leading to widespread kidney damage in children. While the melamine in plates is "bound" in a resin, it can still leach out if the resin is of poor quality or if it is subjected to repeated thermal stress.

Expert analysis suggests that many low-cost melamine products found in traditional markets may not be pure melamine. Some manufacturers blend melamine with urea-formaldehyde, which is significantly less stable and more prone to releasing toxic formaldehyde gas and particles when heated. This "fake" or low-grade melamine is a major concern in developing markets where regulatory enforcement on household goods can be inconsistent.

The Indonesian Context: A Cultural and Economic Challenge

In Indonesia, the use of plastic and melamine is deeply rooted in the economics of the food and beverage industry. For a "Pedagang Kaki Lima" (street vendor), the overhead costs are a critical factor in business survival. Plastic and melamine plates are significantly cheaper than ceramic or glass alternatives. Furthermore, they are virtually unbreakable, making them ideal for the high-turnover, high-impact environment of street-side dining.

Bakso hingga Soto Sebaiknya Disajikan di Piring Keramik, Ini Alasannya

However, the health implications of this economic choice are significant. Chronic exposure to formaldehyde is linked to respiratory issues and is classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Melamine exposure, even in low doses over a long period, is associated with the formation of kidney stones and chronic kidney disease.

The timeline of awareness regarding these materials in Indonesia has seen a gradual shift. Over the last decade, the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) has issued various regulations regarding food-grade packaging. Under BPOM Regulation No. 20 of 2019, specific limits are set for the migration of chemicals from food contact materials. Despite these regulations, the challenge remains in the informal sector, where vendors may purchase unbranded, non-certified tableware to save costs.

Recommendations from Health Practitioners

Health experts suggest that the most effective way to mitigate these risks is a return to traditional materials or the adoption of safer modern alternatives. Ceramic, glass, and stainless steel are considered the "gold standard" for serving hot, acidic, or oily foods because they are chemically inert and do not leach substances even at boiling temperatures.

For households that continue to use plastic or melamine, Bang Sap and other practitioners offer several safety guidelines:

  1. Avoid Extreme Heat: Never use melamine or standard plastic plates in a microwave unless they are explicitly labeled as microwave-safe.
  2. Temperature Control: Allow food to cool slightly before plating it on plastic or melamine.
  3. Condition Check: Discard any plates that show signs of scratching, staining, or surface degradation, as these damaged areas are more likely to leach chemicals.
  4. Identify Labels: Look for the "Food Grade" logo or the wine glass and fork symbol, which indicates the product meets safety standards for food contact.
  5. Type Awareness: For plastics, check the resin identification code (the number inside the triangle). Code 5 (Polypropylene) is generally the safest for food, while Code 3 (PVC) and Code 7 (Other/BPA) should be avoided for hot meals.

The Role of Public Education and Policy

The insights provided by figures like Bang Sap are part of a broader movement toward environmental and health literacy in Indonesia. As more consumers become aware of the chemical composition of their household items, there is a growing demand for transparency from manufacturers.

Bakso hingga Soto Sebaiknya Disajikan di Piring Keramik, Ini Alasannya

The implications of this issue extend beyond individual health. From an environmental perspective, the degradation of plastic plates contributes to the microplastic crisis. When these plates are washed with abrasive scrubbers, tiny particles are shed into the water system. When they are eventually discarded, they take centuries to break down, often leaching their chemical additives into the soil and groundwater.

To address this, analysts suggest that the government should strengthen the enforcement of SNI (Standard Nasional Indonesia) certifications for kitchenware. By ensuring that only verified food-grade products reach the market, the risk to the general public can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, providing incentives for small-scale vendors to switch to sustainable and safe materials could help transform the street food landscape without crippling the livelihoods of vendors.

Final Analysis

The warning issued by Bang Sap serves as a critical reminder that convenience should not come at the cost of health. While plastic and melamine plates have revolutionized the food service industry through their durability and low cost, the "migration" of chemicals is a silent and invisible threat. As scientific understanding of endocrine disruptors and carcinogens evolves, the standards for what is considered "safe" must also adapt.

For the millions of Indonesians who enjoy the rich culinary heritage of the archipelago, making a simple switch in how food is served could have profound long-term health benefits. Whether it is a bowl of bakso or a plate of hot gorengan, the container is just as important as the ingredients. Moving toward inert materials like glass and ceramic is not just a matter of preference, but a necessary step in protecting public health in an increasingly chemical-conscious world. Professional oversight, stricter market regulations, and continued public education remain the three pillars required to ensure that the Indonesian dining experience remains both delicious and safe for generations to come.

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Education and Careers

Komisi IX DPR Cecar BGN usai Pamer Dapat WTP dari BPK: Jangan-jangan Dibikin-bikin

by Laily UPN
written by Laily UPN

The National Nutrition Agency (BGN) faced intense scrutiny from members of Commission IX of the House of Representatives (DPR RI) during a hearing at the Nusantara I Building, Parliament Complex, Senayan, on Friday, July 17, 2026. The session, which was intended to review the agency’s performance and financial accountability for the 2025 fiscal year, turned contentious after BGN leadership presented an Unqualified Opinion (Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian or WTP) from the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK). Lawmakers expressed deep skepticism, pointing to a significant gap between the prestigious audit status and the agency’s actual budget utilization, which remained alarmingly low.

Muazzim Akbar, a member of Commission IX representing the National Salvation Party (PAN) faction, led the critique. He argued that the financial report’s WTP status felt disconnected from the reality of the agency’s operations. According to the data presented, the BGN only managed to realize approximately 59% of its allocated budget for the year 2025. Muazzim suggested that such a low absorption rate usually indicates systemic inefficiencies or planning failures, which typically would not align with a "clean" audit report.

"The fact that the budget realization averaged only 59% is a serious red flag," Muazzim stated during the hearing. "How can an agency claim a WTP status when nearly half of its budget remained unspent? This discrepancy raises questions about the quality of the audit or the transparency of the reporting. One might even wonder if this WTP status was ‘manufactured’ to create an illusion of competence."

The skepticism was echoed by Heru Cahyono, a representative from the Golkar Party faction. While acknowledging the importance of the BGN’s mission to improve national health, Heru emphasized that financial "fairness" in accounting terms does not necessarily equate to "effectiveness" in public service delivery. He noted that the financial reports submitted to the commission still contained several "notes" or findings from the BPK that required immediate clarification.

The Gap Between Audit Status and Performance

In the Indonesian governmental context, an Unqualified Opinion (WTP) is the highest rating issued by the BPK. it signifies that the financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects, and comply with state accounting standards. However, as the lawmakers pointed out, a WTP does not measure the success of a program or the efficiency of budget spending; it merely confirms that the money spent was recorded correctly.

The BGN’s 59% budget realization rate suggests that while the accounting may be accurate, the agency failed to execute its planned programs for nearly 41% of its total funding. For a body tasked with the critical mandate of national nutrition—specifically the "Free Nutritious Meal" (Makan Bergizi Gratis) program—this underperformance has direct implications for public health.

Commission members argued that if the funds were not spent, it means that millions of intended beneficiaries, particularly school-aged children and pregnant women, did not receive the nutritional support promised by the administration. The lawmakers demanded a detailed breakdown of why the funds were stalled, whether the issues lay in the procurement of food supplies, the establishment of distribution centers, or administrative bottlenecks within the newly formed agency.

Background: The Rise of the National Nutrition Agency

The National Nutrition Agency was established as a cornerstone of the government’s strategy to achieve the "Golden Indonesia 2045" vision. Its primary responsibility is the management and implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal program, a multi-billion dollar initiative designed to eradicate stunting and improve the cognitive development of the nation’s youth.

Since its inception, the BGN has been under immense pressure to deliver results quickly. However, the agency has faced several operational hurdles. In early 2026, the agency was embroiled in controversy following reports of food poisoning linked to several Nutrition Fulfillment Service Units (SPPG) in various regions. This led to calls from the DPR to permanently close facilities that failed to meet health and safety standards.

The 2025 fiscal year was supposed to be the year BGN scaled up its operations nationwide. The low budget realization reported in the July 2026 hearing suggests that the scaling process has been fraught with difficulties. Analysts suggest that the logistical complexity of delivering fresh, nutritious meals to over 80 million people across an archipelago of 17,000 islands is a task of unprecedented scale for the Indonesian bureaucracy.

Chronology of the Legislative Scrutiny

The tension during Friday’s hearing was the culmination of several months of observation by Commission IX. The timeline of the BGN’s recent challenges provides context for the lawmakers’ frustration:

Komisi IX DPR Cecar BGN usai Pamer Dapat WTP dari BPK: Jangan-jangan Dibikin-bikin
  1. January 2025 – June 2025: The BGN began the initial rollout of the Free Nutritious Meal program. Early reports indicated delays in the recruitment of local vendors and nutritionists.
  2. September 2025: BPK began its interim audit of the agency’s mid-year spending.
  3. January 2026: Preliminary data showed that budget absorption was lagging behind targets, primarily due to "technical difficulties" in rural distribution.
  4. March 2026: Several incidents of foodborne illnesses were reported at BGN-managed hubs, leading to a temporary suspension of services in three provinces.
  5. June 2026: BPK officially issued the WTP opinion for the 2025 fiscal year.
  6. July 17, 2026: The BGN leadership presented the WTP status to Commission IX, leading to the current "grilling" session over the 59% realization rate.

Analysis of the 59% Realization Rate

The 59% figure is particularly damaging because it suggests a lack of "absorptive capacity." In public finance, if an agency cannot spend its budget, it often indicates that the agency was given more money than it had the infrastructure to manage.

For the BGN, the unspent 41% likely represents:

  • Failed Tenders: Large-scale procurement for food processing equipment or transport vehicles that did not find qualified bidders.
  • Infrastructure Delays: Planned SPPG centers that were not completed on time due to land acquisition or construction issues.
  • Human Resource Gaps: A failure to hire the thousands of dietitians and kitchen staff required to run the program at full capacity.

Lawmakers warned that if this trend continues, the government may be forced to reallocate funds from the BGN to other departments in the 2027 budget cycle, which could jeopardize the long-term goals of the nutrition program.

Responses and Official Statements

During the hearing, the leadership of the BGN defended their record, stating that the WTP opinion was a testament to their commitment to financial integrity and the prevention of corruption. They argued that it is better to spend less and ensure every rupiah is accounted for than to rush spending and risk massive leakage or graft.

"We prioritize transparency and accountability," a BGN spokesperson noted on the sidelines of the meeting. "The low realization is a result of our strict vetting process for partners and suppliers. We refuse to compromise on the quality of food or the integrity of the procurement process just to meet a spending target."

However, this explanation did not satisfy Muazzim Akbar. "Integrity is the bare minimum. We expect integrity and performance. You cannot feed hungry children with a clean balance sheet alone," he retorted.

Broader Implications for Public Trust

The debate over the BGN’s audit status reflects a broader skepticism in Indonesia regarding the "WTP" label. Over the past decade, several government agencies have received WTP opinions only to have their high-ranking officials later arrested by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for embezzlement. This has led to a public perception that a WTP status can be "purchased" or "manufactured" through creative accounting.

For the BGN, which handles a program that is a signature policy of the current administration, the stakes are even higher. If the public perceives that the "Free Nutritious Meal" program is being mismanaged or that its success is being exaggerated through misleading audit reports, it could erode trust in the government’s ability to deliver on its social promises.

Furthermore, the "stunting" crisis remains a critical issue for Indonesia’s human capital development. With stunting rates still above the World Health Organization’s recommended levels in many provinces, every month of delayed budget realization is a month where children miss out on vital nutrients during their "first 1,000 days" of life—a window of development that cannot be recovered.

Moving Forward: Recommendations from the DPR

As the hearing concluded, Commission IX issued several recommendations for the National Nutrition Agency:

  1. Comprehensive Performance Audit: The commission requested that the BPK conduct a "Performance Audit" (Audit Kinerja) in addition to the financial audit. This would evaluate whether the 59% of funds spent actually achieved the desired nutritional outcomes.
  2. Accelerated Procurement: BGN must streamline its procurement processes to ensure that the 2026 budget does not suffer from the same delays.
  3. Local Empowerment: Lawmakers suggested that the BGN should work more closely with local farmers and MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) to shorten supply chains, which might improve budget absorption and support the local economy.
  4. Quarterly Reporting: The BGN is now required to provide quarterly updates to Commission IX on budget realization and program impact to ensure closer legislative oversight.

The "grilling" of the BGN serves as a reminder that in the realm of public service, financial compliance is only half the battle. As Indonesia moves toward its 2045 goals, the pressure on agencies like the BGN to match their "clean" books with "tangible" results will only continue to intensify. The upcoming 2026 mid-year review will be the next major test for the agency to prove that it has learned from the criticisms of the Parliament and is capable of turning its massive budget into actual meals on the tables of Indonesian families.

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Education and Careers

Understanding the Legal Standing of LGBT Identities and Acts Under the New Indonesian Criminal Code

by Evan Lee Salim
written by Evan Lee Salim

The legal status of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community in Indonesia has long been a subject of intense public discourse, often caught between the intersection of conservative social values, religious doctrines, and the secular constitutional framework of the state. As the nation prepares for the implementation of the new Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana or KUHP), codified as Law Number 1 of 2023, the question of whether sexual orientation is criminalized has once again surfaced. Under the prevailing and upcoming legal framework, Indonesia’s stance remains nuanced: while the status of being LGBT is not a criminal offense, specific sexual behaviors and acts remain subject to stringent regulations that apply to all citizens, regardless of their orientation.

The cornerstone of the current legal interpretation is that an individual’s sexual orientation or gender identity does not, in itself, constitute a crime. This principle is upheld in the new KUHP, which was officially enacted in early 2023 but is slated to become fully effective on January 2, 2026. Legal experts and government officials have repeatedly clarified that the law targets "acts" (perbuatan) rather than "identity" (status). Consequently, a person cannot be prosecuted simply for identifying as a member of the LGBT community.

The Principle of Legality and the New Penal Code

The foundation of Indonesia’s criminal justice system is the Principle of Legality (Asas Legalitas), as enshrined in Article 1, Paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 2023. This principle dictates that no act can be punished unless there is a pre-existing law that defines it as a criminal offense. Because the new KUHP does not contain any articles that explicitly criminalize "being LGBT," the state cannot legally penalize individuals based on their orientation.

This distinction is vital for understanding the Indonesian legal landscape. The drafting of the new KUHP was a process spanning over five decades, intended to replace the colonial-era Dutch code (Wetboek van Strafrecht). Throughout the legislative process, there were significant pressures from various groups to include specific clauses criminalizing same-sex relations. However, the final version of the law maintained a focus on universal morality and privacy, rather than targeting specific groups based on their identity.

Articles 411 and 412: Regulating Private Conduct

While the identity of LGBT individuals is not criminalized, the new KUHP introduces and reaffirms regulations concerning sexual conduct that could affect members of the community and the general public alike. Two of the most discussed provisions are Article 411 and Article 412.

Article 411 addresses the issue of adultery (perzinaan). It stipulates that any person who engages in sexual intercourse with someone who is not their legal spouse can face a maximum prison sentence of one year or a Category II fine. While this applies to all extramarital sexual acts, its application is strictly limited. It is classified as an "absolute complaint-based offense" (delik aduan absolut). This means that law enforcement cannot initiate an investigation or prosecution unless a formal complaint is filed by a directly affected party—specifically a spouse, or in the case of unmarried individuals, their parents or children.

Similarly, Article 412 regulates cohabitation (kohabitasi), or "living together as husband and wife" outside of a legal marriage. This offense carries a maximum penalty of six months in prison. Like Article 411, it is a complaint-based offense, ensuring that the state does not engage in proactive "morality policing" without a grievance from the immediate family.

Legal analysts point out that while these articles are often cited in discussions regarding LGBT rights, they are neutral in their wording. They apply equally to heterosexual and same-sex couples who are not legally married. Since same-sex marriage is not recognized in Indonesia under Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, any sexual activity between same-sex partners technically falls under these categories if a complaint is lodged by a legitimate family member.

The Aceh Exception: Regional Sharia Law

A critical caveat to the national legal framework exists in the Province of Aceh. Due to its special autonomous status, granted following the 2005 peace agreement, Aceh has the authority to implement regional regulations based on Sharia law, known as Qanun.

Qanun Aceh Number 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat (Islamic Criminal Law) explicitly criminalizes same-sex relations. Specifically, the Qanun identifies "liwath" (male-to-male sexual acts) and "musahaqah" (female-to-female sexual acts) as jarimah (crimes). Those found guilty in Aceh can face "uqubat" or corporal punishment, typically in the form of public caning, fines, or imprisonment.

It is important to emphasize that these regulations are strictly regional. They do not apply in any other province in Indonesia. The existence of these laws in Aceh highlights the "asymmetrical federalism" of the Indonesian state, where local values can be codified into law within a specific jurisdiction while the national code remains based on a different set of legal principles.

Historical Context and the Constitutional Court

The current legal status of LGBT individuals in Indonesia is also informed by significant judicial history. In 2017, a group known as the Aliansi Cinta Keluarga (AILA) filed a judicial review with the Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) seeking to criminalize consensual same-sex relations and extramarital sex by amending the existing Penal Code.

In a landmark 5-4 ruling, the Constitutional Court rejected the petition. The majority of the justices argued that the court’s role was to interpret the constitutionality of existing laws, not to create new criminal categories, which is the prerogative of the Parliament (DPR). The court maintained that expanding the definition of crimes like "adultery" to include same-sex acts would overstep its judicial authority. This ruling was a pivotal moment in ensuring that sexual orientation remained outside the scope of national criminal law, a stance that has been carried forward into the 2023 KUHP.

Protection Against Violence: The TPKS Law

While the KUHP focuses on the regulation of conduct, Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Crimes of Sexual Violence (Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual or TPKS) provides a framework for protection. The TPKS Law is designed to protect all citizens from sexual abuse, harassment, and exploitation.

The law is inclusive in its protective scope, meaning that victims of sexual violence are entitled to legal protection regardless of their sexual orientation. This is a significant development in the Indonesian legal system, as it acknowledges that members of the LGBT community can be particularly vulnerable to certain types of abuse and provides a legal mechanism for redress.

Social and Political Reactions

The government’s approach to the LGBT issue is often characterized as a balancing act between international human rights standards and domestic social-religious expectations. This is reflected in the statements and actions of various state institutions.

The Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kemenag), for instance, has recently focused on educational initiatives. The ministry has been involved in drafting educational materials aimed at preventing the "spread of LGBT behavior" through religious and family-based approaches. This suggests that while the state does not criminalize the status, it utilizes its administrative and educational arms to promote traditional family values as defined by the majority religions in the country.

On the regional level, the rhetoric can be more pointed. In West Java, the Deputy Governor has previously made headlines by threatening to dismiss civil servants (ASN) if they were found to be involved in "LGBT networks." Such statements highlight the social and professional pressures faced by the community, even in the absence of formal criminal charges. These administrative threats often exist in a legal grey area, as they may conflict with national labor laws and civil service regulations that protect employees from discrimination based on personal characteristics that do not affect job performance.

Comparative Regional Context

Indonesia’s legal stance is often compared to its neighbors in Southeast Asia. For many years, Singapore maintained Section 377A, a colonial-era law that criminalized sex between men, though it was rarely enforced before its repeal in late 2022. Conversely, Malaysia and Brunei maintain strict laws against same-sex acts, with Brunei even introducing (though later placing a moratorium on) the death penalty for such acts under its Sharia Penal Code.

In this regional context, Indonesia’s national law is seen as relatively moderate. By not explicitly criminalizing same-sex acts between consenting adults in private—provided no complaint is filed by family members under the new KUHP—Indonesia maintains a "middle path." This path avoids the total decriminalization seen in some Western nations while steering clear of the state-led criminalization found in more conservative Islamic jurisdictions.

Fact-Based Analysis of Implications

The transition to the new KUHP in 2026 presents several implications for the legal and social landscape of Indonesia:

  1. Reduced Vigilantism: By making adultery and cohabitation complaint-based offenses, the new law theoretically reduces the risk of "moral raids" by vigilante groups or local authorities. Without a complaint from a legal spouse, parent, or child, police have no legal standing to raid private residences or hotels.
  2. Increased Family Influence: The law effectively shifts the "policing" of morality from the state to the family unit. This places significant power in the hands of relatives, which could lead to increased internal family pressures on LGBT individuals.
  3. Legal Certainty: The clear distinction between "status" and "act" provides a level of legal certainty. It prevents arbitrary arrests based solely on an individual’s appearance or identity, requiring law enforcement to prove specific prohibited actions and the existence of a valid complaint.
  4. Ongoing Social Friction: Despite the legal nuances, the social stigma surrounding LGBT issues remains high. The gap between what is "not a crime" and what is "socially acceptable" continues to be a source of friction, potentially leading to administrative discrimination or social exclusion that the criminal code does not address.

Conclusion

The legal framework regarding LGBT individuals in Indonesia remains a complex tapestry of national secular law, regional religious autonomy, and cultural norms. As of 2024, and continuing into the implementation of the new KUHP in 2026, the status of being LGBT is not a crime under Indonesian national law. The legal system focuses on regulating specific behaviors—such as sexual intercourse outside of marriage—rather than identities.

However, the "complaint-based" nature of these new regulations and the specific exceptions in provinces like Aceh create a unique legal environment where privacy is protected from the state but remains vulnerable to family and regional interventions. As the nation moves toward 2026, the focus will likely shift from the letter of the law to its implementation, as the judiciary and law enforcement navigate the delicate balance between upholding individual rights and respecting the prevailing moral fabric of Indonesian society.

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Education and Careers

Minister Abdul Mu’ti Emphasizes Strategic Role of Educators in Realizing National Vision for Quality Education for All

by Dwi Wanna
written by Dwi Wanna

The Minister of Basic and Secondary Education (Mendikdasmen), Abdul Mu’ti, has officially articulated a transformative roadmap for the Indonesian education system, placing school principals and teachers at the very center of the nation’s developmental trajectory. Speaking at a formal gathering in Jakarta on Friday, the Minister underscored that the ambitious vision of "Quality Education for All" is not merely a bureaucratic slogan but a constitutional necessity that requires the synchronized efforts of all educational stakeholders. According to Mu’ti, the quality of national education is fundamentally dictated by the daily interactions between educators and students, making teachers the primary catalysts for social and intellectual change.

This policy direction arrives at a critical juncture for Indonesia, as the administration of President Prabowo Subianto seeks to consolidate its "Asta Cita" (Eight Aspirations) agenda, which prioritizes the development of superior human resources to achieve the "Golden Indonesia 2045" vision. Minister Mu’ti explained that the mandate for universal, high-quality education is deeply rooted in the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945). Specifically, Article 31 of the Constitution mandates that every citizen has a right to education and that the state is obligated to facilitate a national education system that increases faith, piety, and noble character.

The Constitutional Foundation and National Mandate

In his address, Minister Mu’ti reminded the audience that the founding purpose of the Indonesian state was to "educate the life of the nation." He emphasized that intelligence is not an accidental trait but a cultivated one that requires structured instruction. By framing education as a constitutional right, the Minister shifted the discourse from education as a government service to education as a sovereign duty. This perspective necessitates a collaborative framework involving the central government, regional administrations, and individual school units.

The "Quality Education for All" vision is designed to address the long-standing disparities in the Indonesian education landscape. Historically, access to high-quality schooling has been concentrated in urban centers, particularly on the island of Java. The new ministry aims to dismantle these barriers, ensuring that a student in a remote village in Papua or a frontier region in Kalimantan receives the same caliber of instruction and facilities as a student in Jakarta. This alignment with President Prabowo’s Asta Cita signifies a shift toward a more equitable distribution of national resources.

Four Strategic Pillars of Educational Transformation

To operationalize this vision, the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education has identified four primary infrastructure pillars that will serve as the foundation for all future reforms. These pillars—physical, pedagogical, cultural, and legal—are intended to provide a holistic approach to systemic improvement.

1. Physical Infrastructure and Revitalization

The physical environment of a school significantly impacts the learning outcomes of its students. The government has committed to a massive revitalization program for existing school buildings, many of which suffer from age-related decay or lack basic facilities. Beyond basic repairs, this pillar includes the construction of new school units in underserved areas to reduce the student-to-school ratio.

Furthermore, the ministry is prioritizing the integration of modern technology through the "digitalization of learning." A key component of this initiative is the provision of Interactive Flat Panels (IFP) to schools across the archipelago. These tools are intended to move classrooms away from passive learning toward interactive, multimedia-driven environments. Data from the Ministry indicates that bridging the digital divide is essential for preparing students for the global labor market, where digital literacy is a prerequisite.

2. Pedagogical Infrastructure and Teacher Welfare

Minister Mu’ti was particularly vocal about the pedagogical pillar, which focuses on the "human element" of education. He acknowledged that even the most advanced technology cannot replace the role of an inspiring teacher. To this end, the government is expanding scholarship programs for teachers to pursue advanced degrees and specialized certifications.

Crucially, the Minister linked pedagogical quality to teacher welfare. For years, educators in Indonesia, particularly those in "honorary" (non-permanent) positions, have advocated for better pay and job security. The Ministry’s new roadmap includes a structured plan to improve the welfare of teachers, recognizing that financial stability is a prerequisite for professional excellence. By improving the quality of life for educators, the government hopes to attract the nation’s brightest minds to the teaching profession.

3. Cultural Infrastructure and Character Building

The third pillar addresses the "soul" of the education system. Minister Mu’ti introduced the "7 Habits of Great Indonesian Children" (7 Kebiasaan Anak Indonesia Hebat) as a framework for character education. This program, alongside the "Pagi Ceria" (Cheerful Morning) initiative, aims to foster a positive, disciplined, and enthusiastic school culture. The goal is to produce graduates who are not only academically proficient but also possess strong ethical values, social responsibility, and a sense of national identity.

4. Legal Infrastructure and Regulatory Reform

The final pillar involves the refinement of regulations to support the equitable distribution of quality education. The Ministry is currently reviewing existing laws and ministerial decrees to eliminate bureaucratic bottlenecks that hinder school autonomy and regional innovation. Legal clarity is seen as essential for the effective implementation of the first three pillars, ensuring that funding and resources reach their intended targets without administrative delays.

The Strategic Role of School Leaders and Educators

One of the most poignant moments of Minister Mu’ti’s speech was his direct address to the teachers and principals in attendance. He described them as the "vanguard" of the education system, noting that their influence far exceeds that of a government minister in the context of a classroom.

"The role of bapak and ibu (ladies and gentlemen) is greater than my role," Mu’ti stated. "Because those who are present in the classroom are you. Those who can inspire are you. Those who can give birth to future ministers are you all."

This rhetoric marks a significant attempt to boost the morale of the teaching workforce. By acknowledging teachers as "architects of the nation," the Ministry is signaling a move toward a more decentralized and teacher-empowered model of education. Principals, in particular, are being tasked with becoming "instructional leaders" rather than mere administrative managers, responsible for fostering an environment where both students and teachers can thrive.

Supporting Data and Socio-Economic Context

The urgency of these reforms is underscored by Indonesia’s current educational standing. According to the most recent Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results, Indonesian students have historically struggled in reading, mathematics, and science compared to their regional peers. While there have been incremental improvements, the gap remains a significant hurdle for Indonesia’s economic ambitions.

Furthermore, data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) highlights that while the literacy rate in Indonesia is high, the "quality" of that literacy—the ability to analyze and apply information—needs substantial improvement. The Ministry’s focus on "Quality Education for All" is a direct response to these metrics. By investing in the four pillars of infrastructure, the government aims to lift Indonesia’s PISA scores and ensure that the workforce is ready for the "Industry 4.0" era.

Economic analysts have noted that for Indonesia to escape the "middle-income trap," it must capitalize on its demographic bonus—a period where the working-age population outnumbers the non-working population. This bonus can only be realized if the youth are highly skilled and educated. Failure to reform the education system could turn this demographic bonus into a demographic burden characterized by high unemployment and social instability.

Reactions and Stakeholder Perspectives

The Minister’s statements have been met with cautious optimism from various education advocacy groups. The Indonesian Teachers Association (PGRI) has long called for the very measures Mu’ti is now proposing, particularly regarding teacher welfare and the revitalization of dilapidated schools.

"We welcome the Minister’s focus on the ‘human’ aspect of education," said a spokesperson for a prominent education NGO. "For too long, the focus was solely on curriculum changes. While curriculum is important, it is the teacher who delivers it. If the teacher is underpaid or lacks the necessary tools, the curriculum remains just a document on a shelf."

However, some experts warn that the implementation phase will be the true test. Indonesia’s decentralized system means that the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education must work closely with hundreds of district and provincial governments, each with varying levels of budget and administrative capacity. Ensuring that the "Interactive Flat Panels" and "revitalization funds" are distributed fairly and used effectively will require rigorous oversight.

Chronology of Reform and Future Outlook

The current policy shift follows the transition from the previous administration’s "Merdeka Belajar" (Freedom to Learn) program. While Minister Mu’ti’s "Quality Education for All" shares some foundational goals with its predecessor, it places a much heavier emphasis on the physical and legal infrastructure needed to sustain those freedoms.

The timeline for these initiatives is aggressive. The revitalization of schools and the distribution of digital tools are expected to ramp up in the 2025 fiscal year. Meanwhile, the pedagogical reforms, including the new scholarship cycles for teachers, are already being integrated into the Ministry’s annual planning.

As Indonesia moves toward the middle of the decade, the success of Minister Abdul Mu’ti’s vision will be measured by more than just statistics. It will be seen in the classrooms of remote islands, in the confidence of newly trained teachers, and in the character of the "Great Indonesian Children" the system seeks to produce. By anchoring the nation’s future in the hands of its educators, the Ministry is betting that the path to national greatness begins with a single, high-quality lesson in every classroom across the country.

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Education and Careers

Understanding the Distinctions Between Economic Development and Economic Growth in Modern National Strategy

by Neng Nana
written by Neng Nana

The global economic landscape is frequently defined by two terms that are often used interchangeably in casual conversation but remain distinct in the realms of macroeconomics and national policy: economic growth and economic development. While both concepts are essential indicators of a nation’s health, they represent different dimensions of progress. Economic growth is primarily a quantitative measure of an economy’s expansion, typically reflected in the increase of goods and services produced. In contrast, economic development is a qualitative and multi-dimensional process that encompasses structural changes, technological advancements, and improvements in the overall quality of life for the citizenry. Understanding these nuances is critical for policymakers, investors, and the general public as nations strive to balance industrial output with social welfare.

The Fundamental Framework: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Progress

At its core, the distinction between these two concepts lies in their scope. Economic growth is a narrower metric. It focuses on the numerical increase in a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or Gross National Product (GNP) over a specific period. It is concerned with the "how much" of an economy—how many more cars were manufactured, how much more grain was harvested, and how many more services were rendered compared to the previous year. This growth is often driven by the optimization of the factors of production: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.

Economic development, however, is a much broader paradigm. It is rooted in normative values and the lived experience of the individual. While growth looks at the "size of the pie," development looks at how the pie is made, what it consists of, and how it is distributed among the population. Development is inherently linked to the reduction of poverty, the narrowing of inequality, and the enhancement of human capabilities. It asks whether the economic activities of a nation are leading to better healthcare, higher literacy rates, and more robust infrastructure. In the context of national planning, growth is often seen as a necessary precursor to development, yet growth can occur without development if the wealth generated does not translate into social progress.

The Role of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a Divider

The most common benchmark used to differentiate these two concepts is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), known in Indonesia as Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). GDP measures the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific timeframe.

In the context of economic growth, the focus is strictly on the percentage increase of this figure. If a nation’s GDP rises from $1 trillion to $1.05 trillion, the economy has grown by 5%. This figure is vital for tracking inflation and market health. For instance, the valuation of stocks, the stability of the currency, and the attractiveness of a nation to foreign investors are often tied to these growth percentages.

Conversely, economic development examines the implications of GDP growth. It analyzes whether the increase in production is accompanied by a rise in the standard of living. Development indicators look beyond the raw numbers to see if the GDP growth is sustainable and if it is being driven by improvements in institutional frameworks. For example, if a country’s GDP grows solely due to the extraction of natural resources while its education system fails and its poverty rate remains stagnant, that country is experiencing growth without development.

Perbedaan Pembangunan Ekonomi dengan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Demographic Dynamics: GDP and Population Growth

A critical indicator used by economists to separate growth from development is the relationship between GDP and population size. Economic growth can be recorded even if the population is increasing at a faster rate than the economy itself. However, from a developmental standpoint, this scenario is problematic.

Economic development specifically monitors the percentage increase in GDP relative to the percentage increase in the population. For true development to occur, the rate of economic expansion must outpace the rate of population growth. This ensures that the "per capita" income is rising, providing individuals with more purchasing power and a higher quality of life. If a population grows by 3% while the GDP grows by only 2%, the average citizen is effectively becoming poorer, regardless of the fact that the total economy is "growing." Therefore, development-oriented policies often include family planning and human capital investment to ensure that the demographic trajectory aligns with economic goals.

Technological Advancement and the Infrastructure Dividend

The evolution of Science and Technology (IPTEK) serves as another major differentiator. Economic development is characterized by structural shifts—moving from an agrarian economy to an industrial one, or from an industrial economy to a service- and technology-based one. This requires a fundamental change in how a society operates.

A prime example of economic development in action can be seen in the massive infrastructure projects undertaken in metropolitan hubs, such as the Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) systems in the Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Bekasi (Jabodebek) area. These projects, which saw investments reaching approximately Rp 29.9 trillion for the LRT alone, are more than just additions to the national balance sheet. They represent a qualitative shift in urban mobility, environmental sustainability, and technological integration.

While the construction of these systems is a sign of development because it introduces new technology and improves societal efficiency, the subsequent management of these systems—such as the adjustment of ticket prices based on inflation and market demand—falls under the umbrella of economic growth. Growth ensures the financial viability of the service, while development ensures that the service exists to improve the lives of the citizens.

Social Welfare and the Human Development Index

The final and perhaps most significant indicator is the impact on public welfare. Economic development is explicitly concerned with whether the increase in national wealth is followed by an increase in the well-being of the people. This is often measured through the Human Development Index (HDI), which tracks life expectancy, education, and per capita income.

In a growth-centric model, a rise in the production of luxury goods might boost GDP significantly. However, a development-centric model would prioritize whether that wealth is being utilized to build hospitals (RSUD), schools, and public utilities. The transition of a vacant lot into a regional general hospital is a quintessential example of development. It provides a long-term social benefit that enhances the productivity and health of the workforce, which in turn fuels future growth.

Perbedaan Pembangunan Ekonomi dengan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Comparative Analysis: A Summary of Differences

To provide a clear overview, the differences can be categorized into four primary dimensions:

  1. Emphasis on PDB: Economic growth focuses on the numerical increase in PDB. Economic development focuses on the structural changes and the quality of that PDB.
  2. Demographic Focus: Economic growth does not necessarily account for population increases. Economic development requires that PDB growth exceeds population growth to ensure improved per capita welfare.
  3. Scientific and Technological Progress: Economic development is driven by and results in advancements in IPTEK. Economic growth can occur within existing technological frameworks without requiring innovation.
  4. Public Welfare: Economic growth tracks market values and inflation. Economic development tracks the distribution of wealth and the improvement of living standards.

Implications for Future Economic Policy

The distinction between these two concepts is not merely academic; it has profound implications for how a country manages its future. In the modern era, there is an increasing shift toward "Sustainable Development." This concept suggests that growth must not only be qualitative but also environmentally and socially responsible.

Experts argue that a singular focus on growth can lead to "boom and bust" cycles, where rapid expansion is followed by environmental degradation and social unrest due to inequality. By focusing on development, governments can create a more resilient economy. For instance, investing in green energy technology is an act of development that may have high initial costs (potentially slowing short-term growth) but ensures long-term stability and a higher quality of life.

Conclusion: The Symbiotic Relationship

Ultimately, economic growth and economic development are two sides of the same coin. A nation cannot achieve significant development without the resources generated by growth, and growth cannot be sustained indefinitely without the structural improvements provided by development.

As observed in the development of transportation infrastructure like the LRT or the construction of public health facilities, the goal of modern economics is to harmonize these two forces. By understanding that growth provides the means and development provides the end, a society can move toward a future where "progress" is measured not just by the numbers on a ledger, but by the health, happiness, and opportunity available to every citizen. The challenge for the next generation of economists and leaders will be to ensure that as the GDP climbs, the dignity and welfare of the population climb along with it.

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Politics and Governance

S&P Tahan RI Masih Investment Grade, Fuad Bawazier Prediksi Ekonomi Bangkit 6 Bulan Lagi!

by Evan Lee Salim
written by Evan Lee Salim

The Indonesian economic landscape, frequently characterized by a tug-of-war between optimistic government projections and cautious domestic skepticism, has received a significant boost from international quarters. Fuad Bawazier, who served as Indonesia’s Minister of Finance during a critical period of transition, has issued a bold projection suggesting that the national economy is on the verge of a "total revival" within the next six months. This optimistic outlook comes in the wake of S&P Global Ratings (S&P) affirming Indonesia’s Sovereign Credit Rating at ‘BBB’ with a stable outlook, a move that signals international confidence in the archipelago’s fiscal management despite a backdrop of global volatility and domestic uncertainty.

Bawazier’s assessment, delivered during a recent public forum, serves as a counter-narrative to the prevailing sentiment among several domestic economists who have voiced concerns regarding the stability of the Indonesian Rupiah and the health of the State Budget (APBN). By aligning his views with the objective metrics provided by S&P, Bawazier argues that the fundamental pillars of the Indonesian economy remain robust, suggesting that the current period of stagnation or perceived instability is merely a precursor to a significant upward trajectory.

The S&P Global Ratings Affirmation: A Foundation for Confidence

On July 13, 2026, S&P Global Ratings maintained Indonesia’s investment-grade status, citing the country’s strong economic growth prospects and a history of prudent fiscal policy. The ‘BBB’ rating with a stable outlook reflects the agency’s expectation that Indonesia’s government debt will remain manageable and that the nation’s external position will stay resilient. This affirmation is particularly noteworthy as it occurred during a period when many emerging markets are facing downgrades or negative outlooks due to high global interest rates and fluctuating commodity prices.

According to the S&P report, Indonesia’s fiscal deficit is expected to remain below the statutory limit of 3% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Furthermore, the agency highlighted the effectiveness of the government’s structural reforms, which have aimed at improving the investment climate and diversifying the economy away from a pure reliance on raw commodity exports. Fuad Bawazier emphasized that this international validation should not be taken lightly. He noted that credit rating agencies like S&P are notoriously rigorous and would not hesitate to downgrade a nation if the fiscal indicators were truly "reckless," as some critics have claimed.

"I believe S&P has conveyed what is necessary and accurate. Our APBN is actually in a very healthy state under the current conditions. That is why the outlook remains stable," Bawazier stated. He further argued that if the economic reality were as dire as some domestic observers suggest, S&P would face immense international backlash for maintaining a positive rating. The fact that they have held steady is, in Bawazier’s view, a testament to the underlying strength of the Indonesian financial system.

Challenging the Narrative of Domestic Pessimism

A central theme in Bawazier’s recent discourse is the critique of domestic "doomsday" narratives. He expressed disappointment with a segment of the Indonesian economic community that he perceives as being overly focused on negative indicators, such as the fluctuation of the Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG) or the depreciation of the Rupiah against the US Dollar.

"In our own country, many economists seem to almost hope for the worst. There is a constant drumbeat of negativity—claims that the stock market will collapse or the Rupiah will break past critical psychological barriers," Bawazier remarked. He cautioned that such narratives, when repeated without context, can create a self-fulfilling prophecy of market panic that does not reflect the actual fiscal health of the nation.

Bawazier’s defense of the APBN focuses on the discipline maintained by the Ministry of Finance. Despite the pressures of political cycles and the demand for increased social spending, Indonesia has maintained a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio compared to its regional peers and other G20 nations. This fiscal "buffer" is what Bawazier believes will fuel the projected six-month revival, as it allows the government the flexibility to stimulate the economy without risking insolvency.

The "One-Door" Export System and Structural Improvements

One of the specific policy areas praised by both S&P and Bawazier is the implementation of the "One-Door" export system. This initiative, aimed at centralizing and streamlining the documentation and monitoring of Indonesian exports, has three primary goals: increasing transparency, ensuring the repatriation of foreign exchange earnings (DHE), and reducing the logistical bottlenecks that have historically plagued Indonesian traders.

The success of this system is seen as a major factor in stabilizing the country’s trade balance. By ensuring that export proceeds are processed through domestic financial institutions, the government can better manage liquidity and support the Rupiah. Bawazier noted that these types of structural improvements are often overlooked by critics who focus on short-term market volatility but are highly valued by international rating agencies who look at long-term institutional stability.

Chronology of Recent Economic Milestones

To understand the context of Bawazier’s six-month projection, it is essential to look at the timeline of events leading up to mid-2026:

  1. Late 2025: Indonesia successfully navigates a period of global energy price hikes by utilizing its domestic "downstreaming" (hilirisasi) policy, ensuring that more value-added processing occurs within the country.
  2. Early 2024 – 2026: Continued adherence to the 3% fiscal deficit cap, even amidst global calls for increased stimulus, reinforces Indonesia’s reputation for fiscal discipline.
  3. June 2026: The Ministry of Finance reports a surplus in certain sectors of the state revenue, driven by improved tax compliance and digital transformation in the tax office.
  4. July 13, 2026: S&P Global Ratings officially affirms the BBB/Stable rating, providing the catalyst for Bawazier’s public comments.
  5. July 17, 2026: Fuad Bawazier appears on the "TO THE POINT AJA" podcast, articulating his vision for a total economic kebangkitan (revival) by the end of the year.

Supporting Data: Macroeconomic Indicators

The optimism expressed by the former Finance Minister is supported by several key macroeconomic data points:

  • GDP Growth: Indonesia has consistently maintained a growth rate hovering around 5.0% to 5.1%, outperforming many other emerging markets that have struggled to reach 3% in the post-pandemic era.
  • Inflation Management: Through a coordinated effort between Bank Indonesia and the central government (TPID), inflation has been kept within the target range of 2.5% ± 1%, preventing the erosion of purchasing power that has affected many Western economies.
  • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): FDI inflows have shown a steady increase, particularly in the manufacturing and renewable energy sectors, indicating that long-term investors remain bullish on Indonesia’s prospects.
  • Debt-to-GDP Ratio: Indonesia’s debt-to-GDP ratio remains well below 40%, significantly lower than the global average and the 60% threshold established by the State Finance Law.

Official Responses and Market Implications

The affirmation by S&P and the subsequent support from figures like Bawazier have resonated within the government. Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa, Chairman of the Board of Commissioners of the Indonesia Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS), echoed similar sentiments, noting that the direction of economic policy remains well-guarded. Sadewa emphasized that the stable outlook from S&P serves as a "shield" against external shocks, as it maintains the attractiveness of Indonesian government bonds to foreign investors.

For the banking and financial sectors, this stability is crucial. A "BBB" rating ensures that the cost of borrowing for Indonesian firms remains competitive on the international stage. If the projected revival occurs within the six-month window suggested by Bawazier, analysts expect a significant rally in the IHSG and a strengthening of the Rupiah as capital inflows accelerate to capitalize on the recovery.

Analysis of Implications: What a "Total Revival" Looks Like

Bawazier’s use of the term "total revival" implies more than just incremental growth. It suggests a phase where the various structural reforms—ranging from the Omnibus Law on Job Creation to the digitalization of government services—finally reach a "critical mass" that translates into tangible prosperity for the broader population.

The implications of such a revival are twofold. Domestically, it would likely lead to increased consumer confidence, higher retail spending, and a reduction in unemployment as businesses expand. Internationally, it would solidify Indonesia’s position as the premier investment destination in Southeast Asia, potentially surpassing regional competitors in terms of industrial output and technological adoption.

However, the path to this revival is not without challenges. The next six months will require the government to maintain its course of fiscal prudence while simultaneously navigating a complex geopolitical environment. Any significant escalation in global conflicts or a sudden downturn in major economies like China or the United States could pose risks to Bawazier’s timeline.

Conclusion: A Turning Point for the National Economy

The endorsement of Indonesia’s fiscal health by S&P Global Ratings, coupled with the seasoned perspective of Fuad Bawazier, provides a compelling argument for optimism. While domestic critics continue to highlight risks, the fundamental data suggests that the Indonesian economy possesses the resilience necessary to overcome current headwinds.

Bawazier’s projection of a six-month turnaround serves as a call to action for both policymakers and the private sector to move past the "narrative of negativity" and prepare for a period of robust expansion. As the global economy continues to recalibrate, Indonesia’s commitment to fiscal discipline and structural reform may very well make it the standout performer of the late 2020s. Whether the "total revival" manifests exactly as predicted remains to be seen, but the foundation for such a surge appears more solid than many domestic observers are willing to admit.

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Politics and Governance

Taj Yasin Maimoen Leads Popularity Polls in Competitive Race for Central Java Gubernatorial Election

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

The political landscape in Central Java is beginning to crystallize as the 2024 Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) approach, with recent survey data positioning former Vice Governor Taj Yasin Maimoen as the most recognized figure among potential candidates. According to a comprehensive study conducted by Parameter Politik Indonesia (PPI) between May 15 and May 21, 2024, Taj Yasin, popularly known as Gus Yasin, holds a significant lead in terms of public awareness. The survey results, released by PPI Executive Director Adi Prayitno during a virtual press conference in Jakarta, highlight a shifting dynamic in one of Indonesia’s most strategically vital provinces.

In the survey, respondents were asked individually about their familiarity with various political figures touted for the gubernatorial race. Taj Yasin Maimoen emerged at the top of the list with a popularity rating of 52.1 percent. He is followed by Hendrar Prihadi, the former Mayor of Semarang and current Head of the National Public Procurement Agency (LKPP), who garnered 40 percent. In third place is Dico Ganinduto, the young and social-media-savvy Regent of Kendal, who reached a popularity level of 38.1 percent.

While these figures provide a snapshot of the current political climate, Adi Prayitno cautioned that the race remains wide open. He noted that while these individuals are frequently discussed in the media and political circles, none of the potential candidates have yet achieved a "mentereng" or extraordinary level of dominance that would make them a clear frontrunner. This suggests that the electorate in Central Java is still weighing its options as the official registration period for candidates nears.

Detailed Breakdown of the Popularity Rankings

The popularity contest in Central Java is a crucial precursor to the actual election, as name recognition often dictates a candidate’s ability to attract party endorsements and campaign funding. Taj Yasin’s position at the top is largely attributed to his five-year tenure as Vice Governor alongside Ganjar Pranowo from 2018 to 2023. As the son of the late legendary cleric Maimun Zubair, Taj Yasin also commands a deep-rooted following within the traditionalist Muslim community, particularly among Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) members in the province.

Hendrar Prihadi’s 40 percent popularity reflects his successful track record in Semarang, the provincial capital. His transition to a national role in the LKPP has maintained his profile, though he faces the challenge of expanding his recognition beyond the urban centers of northern Central Java. Meanwhile, Dico Ganinduto’s 38.1 percent is considered impressive for a younger politician. His presence on digital platforms and his affiliation with the Golkar Party have helped him tap into the millennial and Gen Z demographic, which constitutes a massive portion of the voting bloc.

Beyond the top three, other names have surfaced in the PPI survey, albeit with lower initial recognition. These include Sudaryono, the Chairman of the Gerindra Party’s regional board in Central Java, and Ahmad Luthfi, the current Central Java Regional Police Chief. While their current popularity percentages trail the leaders, their institutional backing and strategic positions make them formidable "dark horse" contenders as the campaign season intensifies.

The Socio-Political Context of Central Java

Central Java has long been regarded as the "Kandang Banteng" or the stronghold of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). For decades, the province has served as the party’s most reliable vote bank in both legislative and presidential elections. However, the 2024 General Election in February showed signs of a shifting tide, where the PDI-P’s dominance was challenged by the coalition supporting Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka.

The upcoming gubernatorial election is seen as a litmus test for PDI-P’s resilience in the region. With Ganjar Pranowo having completed two terms, the party must find a successor who can maintain its grip on the province. The high popularity of figures like Taj Yasin (who has ties to the United Development Party, PPP) and Dico Ganinduto (Golkar) suggests that the PDI-P may face a more fragmented and competitive environment than in previous cycles.

Furthermore, the influence of religious organizations cannot be overstated in Central Java. The province is a heartland for Nahdlatul Ulama, and the "Santri" (religious students/followers) vote is often the deciding factor in close races. Taj Yasin’s lineage gives him a natural advantage in this sector, forcing other candidates to seek alliances with prominent clerics and religious institutions to bolster their standing.

Chronology and Timeline of the 2024 Pilkada

The road to the November 27, 2024, election is marked by several key milestones regulated by the General Elections Commission (KPU). The survey conducted by Parameter Politik Indonesia in mid-May serves as a baseline for parties as they enter the final stages of candidate selection.

  1. May 2024: Political parties began intensive internal scouting and commissioned private surveys to gauge the "electability" (probability of being elected) versus "popularity" (name recognition) of potential candidates.
  2. June – July 2024: This period is expected to see the formation of coalitions. Given that few parties in Central Java can nominate a candidate without a partner, negotiations between PDI-P, Gerindra, Golkar, PKB, and others will be critical.
  3. August 27-29, 2024: The official registration window for gubernatorial and vice-gubernatorial candidates opens at the regional KPU offices.
  4. September 22, 2024: The KPU will officially certify the eligible pairs of candidates.
  5. September 25 – November 23, 2024: The official campaign period, where candidates will participate in debates, rallies, and media blitzes to convert popularity into votes.
  6. November 27, 2024: Polling day across Central Java and the rest of Indonesia.

Strategic Reactions and Party Positioning

While official statements from the candidates’ respective parties have been measured, the survey results have clearly influenced their strategic posturing. Sources within PDI-P suggest that the party is carefully evaluating Hendrar Prihadi’s numbers alongside other internal cadres like Bambang "Pacul" Wuryanto. The party’s leadership is reportedly looking for a candidate who can bridge the gap between the traditional nationalist base and the religious voters.

The Gerindra Party, buoyed by the success of the Prabowo-Gibran ticket in the February elections, is looking to capitalize on that momentum. Sudaryono has been active in mobilizing grassroots structures, positioning himself as the candidate most aligned with the incoming central government’s programs. His supporters argue that having a governor from the same party as the president would ensure smoother development and budget allocation for Central Java.

On the other hand, the Golkar Party appears to be leaning toward Dico Ganinduto, potentially pairing him with a more senior figure to create a "balanced" ticket. Dico’s youth and executive experience as a Regent are being marketed as a fresh alternative to the established political guard.

Analysis of Implications: Popularity vs. Electability

Adi Prayitno’s observation that no candidate is yet "mentereng" points to a fundamental truth in Indonesian regional politics: popularity does not always translate to electability. While Taj Yasin is widely known, his ability to secure a victory depends on his platform, his choice of a running mate, and the strength of the coalition backing him.

In Central Java, the "undecided" and "swing" voters often make up a significant portion of the electorate until the final weeks of the campaign. The PPI survey indicates that while 52.1 percent know Taj Yasin, nearly half the population is either unfamiliar with him or remains uncommitted. This leaves substantial room for other candidates to grow their numbers.

The "Ahmad Luthfi factor" is also a critical variable. As the Regional Police Chief, Luthfi has spent years building networks across the province’s 35 regencies and cities. If he decides to retire early or transition to politics, his institutional knowledge and neutral-on-paper status could make him an attractive candidate for a broad coalition of parties looking for a "security and stability" narrative.

Broader Impact on National Stability

The Central Java election is not merely a local affair; it has significant implications for national governance. As the third-most populous province in Indonesia, Central Java is a major contributor to the national GDP and a hub for agriculture and manufacturing. The leadership chosen in November will be responsible for implementing national strategic projects, including the development of industrial zones and infrastructure improvements.

Furthermore, the 2024 Pilkada is the first time Indonesia will hold concurrent regional elections nationwide. The results in Central Java will serve as a barometer for the political health of the major parties heading into the next legislative cycle. A win for a non-PDI-P candidate would signal a historic shift in the province’s political identity, while a PDI-P victory would reinforce the party’s status as the dominant force in the Javanese heartland.

As the months progress, the figures revealed by Parameter Politik Indonesia will likely fluctuate. The introduction of official campaign themes, the endorsement of influential figures like former President Joko Widodo or President-elect Prabowo Subianto, and the performance of candidates in public forums will ultimately determine who leads Central Java for the 2024-2029 term. For now, Taj Yasin Maimoen holds the advantage of recognition, but the race for the governor’s office remains one of the most unpredictable and closely watched contests in the country.

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