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Court Estimates State Losses in Chromebook and CDM Corruption Case at Rp5.2 Trillion

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

JAKARTA – A panel of judges has estimated state financial losses in a corruption case involving the procurement of Chromebook laptops and Chrome Device Management (CDM) systems to reach a staggering Rp5.2 trillion. This figure was revealed during a sentencing hearing for the defendant, Ibrahim Arief, widely known as Ibam, a former consultant at the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek), on Tuesday, May 12, 2026. The court found Ibam guilty of corruption, sentencing him to four years in prison and a fine of Rp500 million, with an additional 120 days of imprisonment if the fine is not paid.

The indictment and subsequent trial focused on alleged overpricing and fraudulent procurement practices that inflated the cost of these digital devices, impacting educational initiatives. The court’s assessment of Rp5.2 trillion represents a significant escalation from previous calculations by the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP), which had estimated the losses at approximately Rp1.57 trillion. This substantial discrepancy underscores the gravity of the alleged corruption and its far-reaching financial implications for the Indonesian state.

The Magnitude of State Losses: A Detailed Breakdown

During the sentencing, presiding Judge Sunoto articulated the court’s findings regarding the direct and indirect financial damages. The core of the alleged corruption revolved around the activation of the Chrome Device Management (CDM) system, which the court identified as the primary instrument leading to significant losses. The direct financial impact attributed to the CDM activation alone was calculated at USD44,054,426, equivalent to Rp621,387,678,730 at the prevailing exchange rates during the period of the alleged offense.

However, the most substantial portion of the estimated losses stemmed from the alleged inflation of the unit prices for the Chromebook laptops themselves. The court found evidence of significant price markups, with the procured units costing approximately three times their market value. This systematic overpricing, as detailed by Judge Sunoto, involved a markup of roughly Rp4 million per unit.

"And a simple mathematical calculation shows a markup of Rp4 million per unit, or three times the market price," stated Judge Sunoto.

When this per-unit markup is applied to the total number of Chromebooks procured, the scale of the financial drain becomes alarmingly clear. The procurement involved a colossal 1,159,327 units of Chromebooks. Multiplying the Rp4 million markup by this quantity yields a total estimated loss from the inflated unit prices of approximately Rp4.6 trillion (Rp4,637,308,000,000).

Combining the losses from the CDM activation and the inflated laptop prices, the court’s total estimated state loss reaches approximately Rp5.2 trillion. This figure dwarfs the BPKP’s earlier assessment, highlighting a potential systemic issue in the procurement process or a more extensive network of complicity than initially identified.

Background: The Chromebook Procurement and the Role of CDM

The procurement of Chromebooks and the implementation of the Chrome Device Management (CDM) system were part of broader government initiatives aimed at modernizing digital infrastructure within the education sector. These initiatives, often lauded as crucial steps towards digital transformation, aimed to equip students and educators with contemporary technological tools to enhance learning and administrative efficiency.

Chromebooks, known for their simplicity, cloud-based operating system, and cost-effectiveness in certain contexts, were seen as a viable solution for large-scale device deployment. The CDM system, on the other hand, is designed to manage fleets of Chrome OS devices, allowing for centralized control, application deployment, security settings, and user policy enforcement. Its implementation is critical for ensuring that devices are properly configured, maintained, and secured, especially in an educational environment with a large number of users and devices.

The allegations of corruption suggest that the intended benefits of these technological advancements were undermined by fraudulent practices. The "mark up" or overpricing of devices, coupled with potential irregularities in the CDM implementation, meant that public funds were allegedly diverted for personal gain, rather than being used to genuinely advance educational goals. This raises critical questions about oversight, due diligence, and the integrity of the procurement processes within government ministries.

Chronology of Events Leading to the Verdict

While the provided article focuses on the sentencing, a comprehensive understanding requires a chronological perspective of the case:

  • Early 2020s (Estimated): The period when the procurement of Chromebooks and the implementation of CDM were initiated within Kemendikbudristek. This timeframe aligns with the broader push for digital learning solutions in Indonesia.
  • Investigation Phase: Following initial reports or whistleblowing, investigative bodies, including potentially the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) or other law enforcement agencies, began looking into the procurement process. This would have involved gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and conducting financial audits.
  • BPKP Assessment: The BPKP, tasked with assessing financial losses to the state, conducted its initial audit. This assessment formed a baseline for the financial impact, which was later significantly revised by the court.
  • Indictment of Ibrahim Arief (Ibam): Based on the investigation, Ibrahim Arief was formally charged with corruption. His role as a consultant suggests he may have had influence or direct involvement in the procurement specifications, vendor selection, or operational implementation of the devices and management system.
  • Trial Proceedings: The case proceeded to trial at the Corruption Eradication Court (Pengadilan Tipikor). This phase involved presenting evidence, witness testimonies, and legal arguments from both the prosecution and the defense.
  • Court’s Calculation of Losses: During the trial, the court independently evaluated the evidence, including expert testimonies and financial analyses, to arrive at its own estimation of state losses, which significantly exceeded the BPKP’s figures.
  • Sentencing Hearing (May 12, 2026): The culmination of the trial, where the court delivered its verdict and sentenced Ibrahim Arief to four years imprisonment and a substantial fine.

This timeline, though inferred, provides a framework for understanding how such a case progresses from initial allegations to a judicial conclusion.

Supporting Data and Analysis

The court’s decision highlights several critical points that warrant deeper analysis:

  • The "Mark Up" Phenomenon: The finding of a "three times" price inflation is a stark indicator of potential bid-rigging, collusion with vendors, or the creation of artificial demand to justify exorbitant prices. In public procurement, transparency and competitive bidding are paramount to ensure value for money. The alleged markup suggests a severe breach of these principles.
  • CDM as a "Key Instrument": The court’s designation of CDM activation as a "primary instrument" causing losses points to the possibility that the complexity or perceived necessity of this management system was exploited. It’s possible that the CDM itself was either unnecessarily expensive, poorly implemented, or that its integration was used as a justification for inflated overall project costs.
  • Discrepancy with BPKP Figures: The significant difference between the court’s estimate (Rp5.2 trillion) and the BPKP’s estimate (Rp1.57 trillion) is a crucial aspect. This could imply:
    • The BPKP’s methodology or scope of investigation was limited.
    • New evidence emerged during the trial that led the court to a broader assessment.
    • The court applied a more rigorous or expansive interpretation of "state loss" in this context.
    • Potential systemic issues within the BPKP or other oversight bodies that allowed for such a vast underestimation.

The Rp5.2 trillion figure, if accurate, represents a substantial portion of the national budget allocated to education or technology development. Such a loss can have a ripple effect, potentially hindering future investments in critical areas, impacting the quality of education, and eroding public trust in government institutions.

Official Responses and Broader Implications

While the article only details the court’s pronouncements, a typical journalistic approach would seek reactions from relevant parties:

  • Kemendikbudristek: The ministry, as the procuring entity, would likely be expected to issue a statement acknowledging the court’s decision, reiterating its commitment to combating corruption, and perhaps outlining internal review processes to prevent future occurrences. They might also comment on the implications for ongoing digital transformation efforts.
  • Prosecution/Investigative Agencies: Agencies involved in the investigation and prosecution would likely express satisfaction with the verdict, emphasizing the importance of holding individuals accountable for corruption and reaffirming their dedication to upholding the law.
  • Defense Counsel: The legal team for Ibrahim Arief might indicate intentions to appeal the verdict or offer a statement on their client’s behalf, potentially maintaining his innocence or disputing the court’s findings.
  • Anti-Corruption Watchdogs: Civil society organizations focused on transparency and anti-corruption would likely use this case to call for stronger oversight mechanisms, greater accountability in public procurement, and potentially advocate for legislative reforms.

The implications of this case extend beyond the individual conviction of Ibrahim Arief:

  • Deterrence: A significant sentence and a substantial estimated loss could serve as a powerful deterrent to others contemplating similar corrupt practices in public procurement.
  • Systemic Reform: The sheer scale of the alleged losses may trigger a comprehensive review of procurement processes within Kemendikbudristek and potentially other government ministries. This could lead to enhanced transparency, stricter vetting of consultants and vendors, and improved auditing procedures.
  • Public Trust: Cases of large-scale corruption, particularly those involving funds intended for education, can significantly erode public trust in government. Demonstrating a commitment to swift justice and effective recovery of stolen assets is crucial for rebuilding that trust.
  • Future of Digitalization in Education: This case might cast a shadow over ambitious digitalization projects, potentially leading to increased scrutiny and a more cautious approach to large-scale technology procurement. However, it could also spur efforts to ensure that future initiatives are implemented with unimpeachable integrity.

The court’s finding of Rp5.2 trillion in state losses marks a critical juncture in this corruption case, underscoring the severe financial and ethical consequences of fraudulent practices in public service. The conviction of Ibrahim Arief is a step towards accountability, but the broader implications for governance, public trust, and the future of digital initiatives in Indonesia remain significant.

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Business and Finance

Telkomsel’s IndiHome Unveils Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi to Combat Connectivity Challenges in Modern Indonesian Homes Amid Surging Digital Demand.

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

Jakarta, VIVA – On Monday, April 20, 2026, at 09:18 WIB, Telkomsel, Indonesia’s leading telecommunications provider, officially announced the nationwide launch of IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi, a sophisticated solution designed to deliver seamless and ubiquitous internet connectivity within homes. This strategic introduction addresses the escalating demand for reliable Wi-Fi, particularly in residences with multiple rooms, floors, or architectural barriers that typically impede conventional router performance. The service, which leverages advanced "mesh" technology, became available to both new and existing IndiHome customers across Indonesia starting March 3, 2026, marking a significant step in enhancing the home digital experience.

The genesis of IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi stems from a profound shift in household digital consumption patterns. The post-pandemic era has solidified the prevalence of remote work (WFH) and online learning, transforming homes into multifaceted hubs for productivity, education, and entertainment. This evolution has exposed the limitations of traditional Wi-Fi setups, where parents often struggle with patchy connections while working from a study or bedroom, concurrently with children engaging in online classes or streaming high-definition content in the living room. The simultaneous, high-bandwidth activities necessitate a robust, evenly distributed Wi-Fi signal, a challenge that conventional single-router systems often fail to meet.

The Evolution of Home Connectivity and the Mesh Solution

For years, households have relied on a single Wi-Fi router, typically positioned centrally, to broadcast internet signals. However, as homes grew larger and became filled with more connected devices and physical obstructions like thick walls or multiple floors, dead zones and inconsistent signal strength became commonplace. Wi-Fi extenders or repeaters emerged as a stop-gap solution, but these often created separate network names (SSIDs) and required manual switching, disrupting the user experience and failing to maintain consistent speeds.

Mesh Wi-Fi technology represents a paradigm shift from these older models. Instead of a single point of access, a mesh system consists of multiple interconnected nodes (or satellites) that communicate with each other to form a unified, intelligent network. Each node acts as a mini-router, relaying signals across the home and eliminating dead zones. This interconnected web ensures that devices automatically connect to the strongest available signal as users move around the house, a feature known as "seamless roaming."

IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi embodies this technological leap. It is designed as a plug-and-play solution, emphasizing user-friendliness and efficient setup. The system operates under a single, centralized Wi-Fi network (single SSID or "access point"), meaning users no longer need to manually switch between different network names when moving from one room to another. This seamless transition ensures uninterrupted connectivity, crucial for video calls, online gaming, or continuous streaming.

Addressing the Modern Home’s Connectivity Needs

Hardika Nugroho, Vice President of Home Broadband & FMC Marketing at Telkomsel, articulated the company’s vision behind the new offering. "Wi-Fi services should not be complicated. That’s why we designed IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi as a practical solution to deliver more even signal coverage to various areas of the home, including multi-story residences or those with thick walls," Nugroho stated. He further emphasized, "With a single network and automatic connection handover, families can engage in digital activities more comfortably from anywhere in the house." This statement underscores Telkomsel’s commitment to user experience and solving real-world connectivity frustrations.

The differentiation between mesh technology and conventional Wi-Fi extenders is stark and critical to understanding the value proposition of IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi. While extenders merely amplify an existing signal, often at the cost of bandwidth and creating new, distinct networks, mesh systems build a cohesive, self-optimizing network. This means that instead of users manually selecting a different access point, their devices are intelligently handed off to the node providing the best signal, maintaining optimal performance throughout the entire home. This is particularly beneficial for larger households, multi-story buildings, and families with numerous smart devices simultaneously accessing the internet.

Comparative Advantages: Mesh vs. Traditional

To illustrate the superiority, consider the following distinctions:

  • Network Identification (SSID): IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi operates with a single SSID, creating one unified network. In contrast, conventional routers with extenders typically result in multiple SSIDs, forcing users to switch manually.
  • Roaming Capability: Mesh technology offers seamless roaming, where devices automatically connect to the strongest node without interruption. Traditional setups require manual access point switching, leading to dropped connections or buffering.
  • Coverage Uniformity: Mesh systems provide consistently strong and even coverage across all rooms, regardless of layout or architectural barriers. Traditional setups often suffer from signal degradation and dead zones depending on the extender’s placement.
  • Scalability and Design: Mesh systems are designed for comprehensive coverage in homes ranging from small to large and multi-story. Traditional extenders offer limited range expansion, highly dependent on their proximity to the main router.
  • Performance: Mesh ensures more consistent speeds and lower latency across the entire network due to its intelligent routing and backhaul capabilities, whereas extenders can introduce bottlenecks and latency issues.

This advanced capability is not merely a convenience; it is a necessity for the modern digital household. With the proliferation of smart home devices—from smart speakers and lighting systems to security cameras and thermostats—a stable, pervasive Wi-Fi network is the backbone of a truly connected living space. Each smart device adds to the network load, and a mesh system is inherently better equipped to handle this increased density without compromising performance for any single device or user.

The Broader Context: Indonesia’s Digital Landscape

Indonesia, with its vast archipelago and rapidly growing digital economy, presents unique opportunities and challenges for internet service providers. The country has seen a significant surge in internet penetration, with millions of new users coming online annually. According to various reports, internet penetration in Indonesia hovers around 70-80% of the population, with mobile internet leading, but fixed broadband gaining steady traction, especially in urban and suburban areas. The demand for reliable fixed broadband connections has been amplified by government initiatives promoting digital literacy and the sustained impact of remote work and learning.

Telkomsel, a subsidiary of Telkom Indonesia, holds a dominant position in the country’s telecommunications sector. Its IndiHome fixed broadband service is a cornerstone of its strategy to offer integrated digital solutions. The introduction of Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi aligns perfectly with Telkomsel’s broader Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) strategy, aiming to provide a holistic connectivity experience that spans both mobile and fixed lines. By enhancing the in-home Wi-Fi experience, Telkomsel strengthens its competitive edge in a market where quality of service is increasingly a key differentiator.

The Indonesian broadband market is competitive, with players like Biznet, First Media, and others vying for market share. These providers are also continuously upgrading their infrastructure and offerings. Telkomsel’s move with IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi sets a new benchmark for in-home Wi-Fi quality, potentially spurring other providers to follow suit or innovate further, ultimately benefiting consumers.

Implementation and Availability

Telkomsel has made IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi available nationwide, underscoring its commitment to broad accessibility. The "plug-and-play" design suggests that customers will find installation straightforward, likely involving connecting the main mesh node to their existing IndiHome modem/router and strategically placing additional satellite nodes around their home. The ease of setup is a critical factor for widespread adoption, as many users prefer solutions that do not require technical expertise.

While specific pricing details for the "two options" mentioned in the article’s continuation are not provided in this excerpt, it is common for such advanced Wi-Fi solutions to be offered either as an add-on service to existing broadband plans, as part of premium tiered packages, or through rental/purchase options for the mesh hardware. This flexibility allows Telkomsel to cater to a diverse customer base with varying needs and budgets, from basic users seeking to eliminate dead zones to power users demanding peak performance for multiple demanding applications.

Implications and Future Outlook

The launch of IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi carries significant implications for both consumers and the broader telecommunications industry in Indonesia. For consumers, it promises an end to common Wi-Fi frustrations, enabling truly seamless digital living. The enhanced connectivity will facilitate more efficient remote work, uninterrupted online education, higher-quality entertainment streaming, and robust support for the growing ecosystem of smart home devices. This improved experience is likely to boost customer satisfaction and loyalty for IndiHome.

From an industry perspective, this move solidifies Telkomsel’s position as an innovator and a leader in providing comprehensive digital solutions. By addressing a critical pain point in home connectivity, Telkomsel is not only enhancing its existing IndiHome service but also setting a new standard for in-home Wi-Fi performance in the Indonesian market. This could drive increased adoption of higher-speed broadband plans, as users can now fully utilize the bandwidth they subscribe to across their entire property.

Looking ahead, the widespread adoption of mesh Wi-Fi technology lays the groundwork for future advancements in smart home integration and the Internet of Things (IoT). A robust and pervasive home network is essential for connecting an ever-increasing array of smart devices and services. IndiHome Ultra Mesh Wi-Fi positions Telkomsel and its customers at the forefront of this evolving digital landscape, ensuring that Indonesian homes are well-equipped for the demands of tomorrow’s connected world. This strategic offering is more than just a product launch; it is an investment in the digital future of Indonesian households, empowering families to unlock the full potential of their digital lives.

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Sports and Fitness

Mauricio Souza Identifies Chronic Finishing Woes as Persija Jakarta’s Achilles’ Heel Amidst Super League 2025-2026 Struggles

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

JAKARTA – Despite a resounding 3-0 victory over Persebaya Surabaya, Persija Jakarta’s head coach, Mauricio Souza, has candidly addressed the persistent and critical issue of finishing that has plagued the team’s inconsistent performance throughout the Super League 2025-2026 season. Souza’s remarks, made following the much-needed win, shed light on a fundamental problem that continues to undermine the team’s potential.

"I believe the major problem our team has faced all along is the inability to convert a significant number of created chances into goals," Souza stated, as quoted by the club’s official website. "This ultimately leads to inconsistency at various moments in the competition."

The Brazilian tactician’s assessment underscores a stark reality for Persija Jakarta. While the team has demonstrated the capacity to generate scoring opportunities, the crucial step of translating those chances into tangible goals has been a consistent stumbling block. This deficiency directly contributes to the unpredictable nature of their results, leaving supporters and analysts alike questioning the team’s true capabilities.

Mauricio Souza Buka-bukaan! Ini Masalah Kronis yang Bikin Persija Inkonsisten

The Paradox of Opportunity and Inefficiency

The recent triumph against Persebaya Surabaya, while a welcome morale booster, does not entirely mask the underlying tactical and technical challenges. Souza emphasized that the 3-0 scoreline, though positive, does not represent a complete overhaul of the team’s performance metrics. The victory, in his view, was a testament to moments of brilliance rather than a wholesale improvement in clinical finishing.

Souza’s observation points to a deeper statistical paradox. In the five matches preceding the Persebaya clash, Persija Jakarta managed to score ten goals. On the surface, this figure might appear respectable. However, when juxtaposed with the sheer volume of opportunities created, it becomes evident that the conversion rate remains alarmingly low. This suggests a systemic issue within the squad, potentially related to individual player execution, tactical approaches in the final third, or a combination of both.

Super League 2025-2026: A Season of Unfulfilled Potential

The Super League 2025-2026 season has been characterized by a series of ups and downs for Persija Jakarta. The club, historically one of Indonesia’s most prominent, has found itself grappling with an identity crisis on the pitch. While flashes of strong play and tactical acumen have been evident at times, these have often been followed by periods of stagnation and disappointing results.

The inconsistency Souza refers to has manifested in various ways: narrow defeats, draws that felt like losses, and an inability to capitalize on favorable fixtures. This pattern of performance has left the team in a precarious position in the league standings, far from the aspirational heights the club and its passionate fanbase, The Jakmania, expect.

Mauricio Souza Buka-bukaan! Ini Masalah Kronis yang Bikin Persija Inkonsisten

The Super League, known for its competitive intensity and passionate fan bases, demands consistent high-level performance. For Persija Jakarta, achieving this consistency has been an uphill battle, largely attributed to the aforementioned finishing woes. The ability to score goals is the lifeblood of any football team, and when this aspect is faltering, even strong defensive performances or midfield control can be rendered insufficient.

Historical Context and Tactical Considerations

Persija Jakarta’s history is rich with periods of dominance, often fueled by potent attacking forces and a decisive edge in front of goal. This season, however, the team has struggled to replicate that historical prowess. Several factors could be at play:

  • Player Recruitment and Development: The effectiveness of new signings and the development of existing attacking talent are crucial. If the current personnel are not consistently clinical, it raises questions about scouting, training, and player management.
  • Tactical Approach in the Final Third: While Souza’s tactical setup might be effective in creating chances, there could be a need for refinement in the specific strategies employed when nearing the opponent’s goal. This could involve variations in attacking patterns, improved crossing accuracy, or more intelligent runs into the penalty area.
  • Psychological Factors: The pressure of expectation, coupled with a history of missed opportunities, can create a psychological barrier for strikers. The mental aspect of finishing under pressure is often underestimated but plays a significant role in a player’s success.

Broader Implications for Persija Jakarta

The ramifications of this persistent finishing problem extend beyond individual matches. It impacts the team’s league position, their chances of qualifying for continental competitions, and, crucially, the morale of the squad and the fanbase.

  • League Standings: Consistent goal-scoring is directly correlated with accumulating points. A team that consistently fails to convert chances will inevitably drop points, hindering their pursuit of higher league placements.
  • Fan Engagement: The Jakmania are known for their fervent support. However, witnessing a team create numerous chances only to spurn them can lead to frustration and disillusionment, even during victories.
  • Squad Confidence: A lack of goal-scoring can erode the confidence of attacking players, creating a vicious cycle. Strikers who are not scoring may become hesitant, further diminishing their effectiveness.

The Road Ahead: Addressing the Core Issue

Mauricio Souza’s candid admission is a critical first step. The challenge now lies in implementing concrete solutions. This could involve:

Mauricio Souza Buka-bukaan! Ini Masalah Kronis yang Bikin Persija Inkonsisten
  • Intensified Finishing Drills: Training sessions may need to dedicate more time and focus to high-pressure finishing scenarios, simulating match conditions.
  • Player Analysis and Individual Coaching: Identifying specific technical or mental deficiencies in individual players and providing tailored coaching could be beneficial.
  • Tactical Adjustments: Exploring different attacking strategies or formations that might better suit the team’s current strengths and improve their ability to find the back of the net.
  • Potential Recruitment: If the current squad lacks the necessary clinical edge, the club may need to consider bringing in proven goal-scorers in future transfer windows.

The Super League 2025-2026 season is far from over, and Persija Jakarta still has time to rectify their issues. However, the stark reality articulated by Mauricio Souza serves as a critical juncture. Addressing this chronic finishing problem is not merely a matter of improving statistics; it is fundamental to unlocking the team’s true potential and restoring the winning pedigree that defines Persija Jakarta. The coming weeks and months will be crucial in demonstrating whether the team can indeed overcome this significant hurdle and transform their promising opportunities into consistent, match-winning performances.

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Sports and Fitness

Sepak Takraw: Southeast Asia’s Acrobatic Spectacle of Foot, Knee, and Head

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

Jakarta, Indonesia – Imagine a sport that fuses the aerial artistry of volleyball with the dazzling footwork and acrobatic kicks reminiscent of football, all played without a single touch of the hand. This captivating game is Sepak Takraw, a traditional Southeast Asian sport that continues to enthrall audiences across Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and beyond. Its unique blend of athleticism, strategy, and cultural heritage makes it a compelling spectacle, a testament to the region’s rich sporting traditions.

The name "Sepak Takraw" itself is a linguistic tapestry, woven from two distinct languages. "Sepak" originates from the Malay language, meaning "to kick," while "Takraw" is a Thai word referring to a "woven rattan ball." Literally translated, the name signifies "to kick the rattan ball." The sport’s formal recognition as Sepak Takraw was cemented following a match between Malaysia and Thailand in Kuala Lumpur in 1960, marking a pivotal moment in its evolution from a localized pastime to an internationally recognized sport.

Before its current iteration, the game held different names and forms in various regions. In Malaysia, it was known as "Sepak Raga Jaring." The addition of the term "jaring" (net) is attributed to Hamid Mydin, widely regarded as a founder of modern Sepak Takraw. In Penang around 1945, Mydin introduced the net, distinguishing it from the earlier, net-less traditional game of Sepak Raga. This innovation fundamentally altered the game’s dynamics, introducing a vertical challenge that demanded new levels of aerial skill and precision.

Often dubbed "Kick Volleyball," Sepak Takraw is fundamentally a team sport, typically played by two to four players per side on a court similar in dimensions to a badminton court. The game’s essence lies in its restriction of player contact to specific body parts: feet, knees, shoulders, chest, and head. This limitation transforms the game into a remarkable display of controlled aerial maneuvers, where players must employ their entire bodies to propel the ball over the net, mirroring the objective of volleyball but with an entirely different set of tools.

Internationally, the sport’s governance falls under the purview of the International Sepaktakraw Federation (ISTAF), established in 1988. ISTAF plays a crucial role in standardizing rules, organizing global championships, and promoting the sport’s growth worldwide. The sport’s diverse nomenclature across Asia further highlights its deep roots and widespread appeal. It is known as Sepak Raga in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore; Sipa in the Philippines; Chinlone in Myanmar; and Takraw in Thailand, among other regional variations. This linguistic diversity underscores its organic integration into the cultural fabric of these nations.

The Genesis of Sepak Takraw: A Journey Through Centuries

The historical trajectory of Sepak Takraw traces back approximately 500 years to Malaysia, where it gained considerable popularity among royalty during the 15th century. From its Malaysian origins, the game, under the name Sepak Raga, journeyed to Indonesia around the 16th century. Its pan-Southeast Asian popularity began to surge in the 1940s, a period marked by the formalization of its rules and structures.

The first official competition for the sport, then known as "Sepak Raga Jaring," was held in Penang in 1945. This event was instrumental in standardizing gameplay and laying the groundwork for future development. A significant milestone arrived in 1960 with the establishment of the Malaysian Sepak Raga Federation in Penang. Its inclusion in the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games in 1965 marked a crucial step towards wider regional recognition. It was during this pivotal 1965 event that the sport was officially christened "Sepak Takraw," a name that would come to represent this dynamic athletic pursuit on the global stage.

Intriguingly, some historical accounts suggest that Sepak Takraw’s introduction to Southeast Asia may have been influenced by Chinese migration, positing a shared ancestry with football. This theory links Sepak Takraw to Cuju, an ancient Chinese sport recognized by FIFA as an early precursor to modern football. Cuju, described as an ancient military exercise, involved soldiers kicking a leather ball, with the objective of keeping it airborne for as long as possible. This connection highlights the enduring human fascination with ball games and the evolution of athletic expression across cultures.

Navigating the Court: Fundamental Rules and Gameplay

Sepak Takraw is played on a court measuring 13.4 meters by 6.1 meters, divided by a net set at a height of 1.52 meters for men and 1.42 meters for women. The game involves two teams, each consisting of three players: a ‘Tekong’ (server), a ‘Feeder,’ and a ‘Killer.’ The court is divided into two service zones and two main playing areas. The strategic positioning of these players is paramount to successful gameplay.

The initial serve is initiated by the Tekong, who stands within the service circle. The ball is first tossed into the air and then kicked over the net into the opponent’s court. The toss can be done with the hands, but the subsequent kick must be performed with the feet, knees, chest, or head. The right to serve first is determined by a coin toss, granting the winning team the choice to either serve or receive.

The game unfolds with teams exchanging volleys, using any part of their body except their hands and arms to keep the ball in play. The objective is to land the ball within the opponent’s court in a manner that they cannot legally return. Points are scored when the ball is successfully grounded in the opponent’s court or when the opposing team commits a fault, such as hitting the ball out of bounds or touching the net with their body.

A match typically consists of three sets, with the first two sets played to 21 points. A team must win a set by a margin of at least two points, with a cap of 25 points. If a third set is required, it is played to 15 points, again with a two-point winning margin and a cap of 20 points. This scoring system ensures intense, back-and-forth rallies and rewards consistent performance.

The Art of the Play: Strategy and Player Roles

The synergy between the three players on each side is crucial for success in Sepak Takraw. The Tekong, while primarily responsible for the serve, also plays a defensive role. Their initial kick sets the tone for the rally, and their ability to deliver powerful and accurate serves can immediately put the opposing team on the back foot.

The Feeder’s role is to set up scoring opportunities. They are responsible for receiving the opponent’s serve or return and skillfully passing the ball to the Killer in a position where they can launch an attack. This requires exceptional ball control, vision, and an understanding of their teammate’s movements and strengths.

The Killer is the primary offensive weapon. Their objective is to execute powerful and precise shots, often employing acrobatic aerial maneuvers, to score points. This requires a combination of explosive power, agility, and the ability to read the game and anticipate defensive weaknesses. The coordination between the Feeder and the Killer is a hallmark of high-level Sepak Takraw, creating breathtaking offensive plays.

Global Reach and Recent Developments

The International Sepaktakraw Federation (ISTAF) has been instrumental in the sport’s global expansion. ISTAF organizes major international tournaments, including the Sepak Takraw World Cup and the ISTAF Super Series, which attract top talent from around the world. The sport’s inclusion in multi-sport events like the Asian Games further boosts its visibility and appeal.

In recent times, the sport in Indonesia has seen significant developments aimed at resolving internal administrative issues. The resolution of dualism within the Indonesian Sepak Takraw governance, as reported by ANTARA, signifies a positive step towards a more unified and streamlined approach to managing and developing the sport within the nation. Such resolutions are vital for fostering stability, attracting investment, and ensuring that athletes receive the best possible support and opportunities to compete on the international stage. The ISTAF’s positive reception to these developments underscores the global community’s commitment to the sport’s healthy growth.

The evolution of Sepak Takraw, from its ancient origins to its modern, highly athletic form, is a compelling narrative of cultural adaptation and sporting innovation. It stands as a vibrant testament to the ingenuity and athleticism of Southeast Asia, captivating audiences with its unique blend of grace, power, and aerial artistry. As the sport continues to evolve and gain a wider international following, its future promises even more thrilling spectacles and a deeper appreciation for this extraordinary game.

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Islamic and Religious Life

Global Condemnation of Gaza Actions Coincides with Deep Dive into Volatile US-Iran and Trump-Netanyahu Dynamics Amidst Fragile Ceasefire

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

Jakarta, Indonesia, October 12, 2025 – A powerful demonstration of international solidarity with Palestine unfolded in Jakarta, as thousands of participants in the "Indonesia Lawan Genosida, Dukung Palestina Merdeka" (Indonesia Fights Genocide, Supports Free Palestine) rally took to the streets. The protest, marked by the symbolic act of stomping on a poster depicting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, vehemently condemned all forms of alleged genocide against the residents of Gaza perpetrated by Israel. Demonstrators vociferously demanded immediate and permanent ceasefire in Palestine and championed the cause of Palestinian independence, reflecting a growing global outrage over the protracted conflict.

This surge of public indignation, however, occurs against a complex geopolitical backdrop, particularly the precarious relationship between Washington and Tehran. After weeks of escalating tensions that brought the Middle East to the brink of wider conflict, a fragile ceasefire has seemingly settled between the United States and Iran. While this period has seen a de-escalation in the intensity of direct and proxy attacks, it has done little to resolve the fundamental drivers of the conflict or chart a clear path forward. Beneath this superficial calm, a more intricate and often volatile dynamic emerges: the relationship between former U.S. President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, a partnership that, according to many analysts, propelled both nations towards a confrontation from which neither seemed to have a clear exit strategy.

Reports from British media outlets have offered a distinct lens through which to understand the recent escalations, particularly focusing on the assertion that Prime Minister Netanyahu was not merely a passive partner in the recent American-led push for confrontation, but rather a principal architect. These analyses suggest that Netanyahu’s persistent advocacy for a hardline stance against Iran heavily influenced the Trump administration’s foreign policy, often leading the U.S. down a path of escalating pressure, only for the Trump administration to later grapple with the unforeseen political and strategic ramifications.

The Architect of Escalation: Netanyahu’s Enduring Influence

Ian Perel, writing in The Independent, as quoted by Aljazeera on April 15, 2026, explicitly argues that Benjamin Netanyahu’s role transcended that of a mere collaborator in the recent U.S. escalation against Iran. Perel posits that Netanyahu was, in fact, one of its primary architects. This assessment gains historical weight when examining Netanyahu’s long-standing foreign policy doctrine, which consistently identifies Iran as the paramount threat to regional stability and Israeli security.

Netanyahu’s influence on U.S. foreign policy is not without precedent. The author highlights Netanyahu’s significant role in promoting the 2003 invasion of Iraq. At the time, Netanyahu, then a private citizen and a prominent voice in conservative foreign policy circles, frequently articulated the strategic rationale for the Iraq War as a crucial step towards weakening Iran, thereby neutralizing a major regional adversary. His arguments, presented in various forums and Congressional testimonies, resonated with a segment of U.S. policymakers who viewed regime change in Iraq as a precursor to broader regional transformation. This historical context suggests a consistent pattern in Netanyahu’s strategic thinking: leveraging U.S. military and diplomatic power to counter perceived Iranian expansionism and nuclear ambitions.

Chronology of Escalation: The Trump-Netanyahu Era and Iran

The period spanning Donald Trump’s presidency (2017-2021) and Benjamin Netanyahu’s successive terms as Prime Minister (2009-2021, and again from 2022 onwards) witnessed an unprecedented alignment of U.S. and Israeli policy regarding Iran. This alignment led to a series of events that dramatically ratcheted up tensions in the Middle East:

  • May 8, 2018: U.S. Withdrawal from JCPOA. Despite pleas from European allies, President Trump, heavily influenced by Netanyahu’s vocal opposition, announced the U.S. withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the landmark nuclear deal with Iran. Netanyahu had long decried the agreement as "a bad deal" that paved Iran’s path to a nuclear weapon. This move immediately triggered a "maximum pressure" campaign of renewed and expanded sanctions against Iran.
  • May-June 2019: Gulf Tanker Attacks. A series of mysterious attacks on oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman and near the Strait of Hormuz were attributed by the U.S. to Iran. These incidents marked a significant uptick in regional hostilities, with Washington deploying additional military assets to the region.
  • June 20, 2019: Downing of U.S. Drone. Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps shot down a U.S. RQ-4 Global Hawk surveillance drone over the Strait of Hormuz, claiming it had violated Iranian airspace. Trump initially authorized retaliatory strikes but called them off at the last minute, citing potential casualties.
  • September 14, 2019: Saudi Aramco Attacks. Drone and missile attacks on Saudi Arabia’s Abqaiq and Khurais oil facilities, significantly disrupting global oil supplies, were widely blamed on Iran by the U.S. and Saudi Arabia, though Iran denied responsibility.
  • December 27, 2019: Rocket Attack on U.S. Base in Iraq. A rocket attack killed a U.S. contractor at a base in Iraq, prompting U.S. retaliatory airstrikes against Iran-backed Kataib Hezbollah militia facilities.
  • January 3, 2020: Killing of Qassem Soleimani. A U.S. drone strike in Baghdad killed Qassem Soleimani, commander of the IRGC Quds Force, and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, a leader of Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces. This was a dramatic escalation, justified by the U.S. as a defensive measure against imminent attacks on American personnel. Netanyahu praised Trump for the "bold, strong and swift action."
  • January 8, 2020: Iranian Retaliation. Iran launched ballistic missiles at two Iraqi bases housing U.S. troops, causing traumatic brain injuries to over 100 U.S. service members but no fatalities. Iran stated it considered the retaliation complete.
  • Subsequent De-escalation Efforts: Following these intense exchanges, a period of more restrained confrontation ensued, characterized by a "fragile ceasefire." While direct military clashes subsided, the underlying ideological and strategic rivalries persisted, manifesting through proxy conflicts and cyber warfare. The absence of major direct engagements did not signify a resolution but rather a precarious balance, maintained by mutual deterrence and a reluctance to trigger an all-out war.

Supporting Data and Analysis: The Unstable Alliance

The relationship between Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu was often described as a "bromance," characterized by shared conservative ideologies, a populist appeal, and a common adversary in Iran. This close bond translated into tangible policy shifts that significantly favored Israel and reshaped U.S. engagement in the Middle East:

  • U.S. Embassy Move to Jerusalem (May 2018): Trump fulfilled a long-standing Israeli request by moving the U.S. embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, effectively recognizing Jerusalem as Israel’s capital. This move was celebrated by Netanyahu but widely condemned by Palestinians and much of the international community.
  • Recognition of Israeli Sovereignty over the Golan Heights (March 2019): Trump’s decision to recognize Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights, territory captured from Syria in 1967, further solidified Netanyahu’s political standing and was seen as another significant diplomatic gift.
  • "Deal of the Century" (January 2020): The Trump administration unveiled its Israeli-Palestinian peace plan, widely seen as heavily biased towards Israel. The plan offered little to the Palestinians and was immediately rejected by their leadership.
  • Abraham Accords (August-December 2020): Facilitated by the Trump administration, the normalization agreements between Israel and several Arab nations (UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, Morocco) were hailed as a historic diplomatic achievement. While beneficial for Israel, critics argued they sidelined the Palestinian issue and formed a de facto alliance against Iran.

Analysts, like Perel, contend that this deep alignment created a dynamic where Netanyahu’s hawkish stance on Iran found a highly receptive ear in Trump, who, unlike previous U.S. presidents, was willing to discard traditional diplomatic norms and international agreements to pursue a more aggressive posture. The argument that this relationship "drove a war that neither of them seemed to have a clear picture of how to end" speaks to the potential for unintended consequences when ideological conviction overrides strategic foresight. The "maximum pressure" campaign, while undeniably weakening Iran economically, did not achieve its stated goal of forcing Iran back to the negotiating table for a "better deal" and instead pushed Iran closer to developing advanced centrifuges and enriching uranium to higher purities.

Official Responses and Inferred Positions

While specific quotes on the "fragile ceasefire" are inferred for the future date, the historical record provides a clear understanding of the positions held by the involved parties:

  • U.S. (Trump Administration): Officials consistently stated their actions were aimed at protecting U.S. interests and personnel, deterring Iranian aggression, and preventing Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. They maintained that sanctions were effective in curbing Iran’s malign activities and that military actions were proportionate responses. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo frequently articulated the "maximum pressure" strategy, asserting that the U.S. sought a fundamental change in Iran’s behavior, not necessarily regime change.
  • Israel (Netanyahu Government): Prime Minister Netanyahu and his cabinet consistently emphasized the existential threat posed by Iran, particularly its nuclear program and its network of regional proxies. Israeli officials frequently called for stronger international sanctions and military action against Iran, viewing the U.S. withdrawal from the JCPOA as a necessary step. They framed their actions and advocacy as essential for Israel’s security and survival in a hostile region.
  • Iran: Iranian officials vehemently condemned U.S. sanctions as "economic terrorism" and U.S. military actions as acts of aggression. They maintained that their nuclear program was for peaceful purposes and that their regional activities were defensive. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and President Hassan Rouhani (during Trump’s tenure) asserted Iran’s right to self-defense and vowed to resist U.S. pressure, often threatening to escalate if their sovereignty was violated. They consistently called for the U.S. to return to the JCPOA and lift sanctions.
  • International Community: Many European nations, along with Russia and China, expressed deep concern over the escalating tensions, advocating for diplomacy and adherence to the JCPOA. They often criticized the U.S. unilateral withdrawal from the deal and urged all parties to de-escalate. United Nations officials frequently called for restraint and dialogue to prevent a wider conflict.

Broader Impact and Implications

The intricate interplay between the US, Israel, and Iran, exacerbated by the Trump-Netanyahu dynamic, has had profound and lasting implications for the Middle East and global security:

  • Regional Instability: The "fragile ceasefire" does not signify peace. Proxy conflicts in Syria, Yemen, Iraq, and Lebanon continue to simmer, fueled by the underlying U.S.-Iran rivalry and Israel’s ongoing security concerns. The absence of a clear diplomatic framework for de-escalation leaves the region vulnerable to renewed flare-ups.
  • U.S. Foreign Policy Reorientation: The Trump administration’s approach marked a significant departure from previous U.S. foreign policy, prioritizing transactional diplomacy and challenging multilateral agreements. This has left a legacy of diminished trust in U.S. leadership among some allies and a more unpredictable international landscape. Future U.S. administrations face the daunting task of either rebuilding international consensus or continuing a more unilateral path.
  • Israeli Security and Regional Standing: While the Trump era brought unprecedented diplomatic gains for Israel, particularly the Abraham Accords, it also arguably heightened regional tensions with Iran. Israel’s security posture remains inextricably linked to U.S. policy, and any shift in Washington’s approach could have significant repercussions. The accords also raised questions about the future of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which remains largely unresolved and a source of continuous friction, as evidenced by the Jakarta protest.
  • Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions: The collapse of the JCPOA and the "maximum pressure" campaign pushed Iran to accelerate its nuclear program, accumulating more enriched uranium and deploying more advanced centrifuges. This has shortened Iran’s "breakout time" to produce enough fissile material for a nuclear weapon, raising proliferation concerns and creating a more dangerous scenario than before the U.S. withdrawal.
  • The Gaza Conflict and Global Opinion: The ongoing conflict in Gaza, which prompted the "Indonesia Lawan Genosida" protest in October 2025, underscores the enduring human cost of unresolved geopolitical tensions. The widespread condemnation of Israeli actions, particularly allegations of genocide, reflects a growing global impatience with the humanitarian crisis and a demand for accountability and a just resolution to the Palestinian question. The symbolic act of trampling Netanyahu’s image highlights the depth of anger and frustration felt by a significant portion of the international community.

The current "fragile ceasefire" between Washington and Tehran, therefore, represents a temporary lull rather than a fundamental shift towards peace. It is a testament to the intricate and often perilous dance between powerful actors, where historical grievances, strategic ambitions, and volatile personal relationships continue to shape the destiny of a region perpetually on the brink. The global outcry emanating from Jakarta serves as a stark reminder that while diplomatic maneuvers unfold at the highest levels, the humanitarian consequences of these conflicts reverberate far and wide, demanding a more comprehensive and sustainable path to peace.

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Islamic and Religious Life

Muhammadiyah Undang Akademisi dan Peneliti dalam Call for Paper “Halaqah Kalender Hijriah Global Tunggal”

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

YOGYAKARTA – In anticipation of the momentous full implementation of the Global Single Hijri Calendar (Kalender Hijriah Global Tunggal – KHGT) in the year 1447 H, corresponding to 2026 M, the Majelis Tarjih and Tajdid of Muhammadiyah Central Board has officially launched a Call for Paper for an upcoming Halaqah on the KHGT. This significant initiative underscores Muhammadiyah’s long-standing commitment to advancing a unified Islamic calendar for the global Muslim community, addressing decades of debate and differing practices in determining key religious dates.

The Halaqah, themed "Challenges and Opportunities of the Global Single Hijri Calendar (KHGT) in the Future," is designed as a crucial forum to meticulously evaluate the progress of KHGT and to formulate robust strategies for its strengthening and widespread adoption. This endeavor aims to position KHGT as a viable and comprehensive solution for the unification of the Islamic calendar, fostering greater harmony and precision in religious observances worldwide. The event is particularly timely given the approaching full implementation phase, signaling a critical juncture for detailed academic and practical discourse.

The Historical Imperative for a Unified Calendar

The quest for a unified Islamic calendar has been a persistent aspiration within the Muslim world for centuries. Historically, the determination of Islamic months, particularly the start of Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, and Eid al-Adha, has often been fraught with discrepancies. These variations primarily stem from two main methodologies: ru’yah (physical sighting of the new crescent moon) and hisab (astronomical calculation). Different interpretations of these methods, coupled with geographical variations in moon visibility and the absence of a universally accepted authority, have frequently led to different countries and even communities within the same country celebrating religious holidays on different days. This fragmentation has, at times, caused confusion, inconvenience, and a sense of disunity among Muslims.

Muhammadiyah, a prominent Islamic organization in Indonesia, has been a consistent proponent of the hisab method based on scientific astronomical calculations. Its approach emphasizes the certainty and predictability offered by scientific data, arguing that such a methodology aligns with the principles of order and intellectual pursuit inherent in Islam. The KHGT proposal is an extension of this foundational commitment, seeking to transcend local and regional differences by establishing a single, universally applicable calendar based on precise astronomical criteria. The vision is to eliminate the uncertainties associated with moon sighting and to provide a definitive schedule for all Islamic dates, facilitating planning for individuals, families, and institutions globally.

Objectives of the Halaqah and Call for Paper

The primary objective of the forthcoming Halaqah is multifaceted: to conduct an exhaustive evaluation of the KHGT framework, to identify potential challenges that may impede its full acceptance, and to explore innovative opportunities for its successful implementation. By bringing together a diverse group of experts, researchers, academics, and practitioners, the Majelis Tarjih and Tajdid aims to foster a comprehensive dialogue that addresses the theological, scientific, social, and practical dimensions of a global unified calendar. The discussions are expected to generate actionable recommendations and strategies to overcome existing hurdles and to pave the way for a more unified future.

The Call for Paper serves as the intellectual backbone of this Halaqah, inviting scholarly contributions that will enrich the discourse. Participants are encouraged to submit their insightful perspectives and rigorous research findings across a broad spectrum of strategic subthemes. While the original article did not list the specific eight subthemes, based on the overarching topic and the stated goals, these likely encompass critical areas such as:

  1. Theological and Fiqh Perspectives on KHGT: Examining the religious legitimacy and implications of a global single calendar from various schools of thought, and exploring how KHGT aligns with or challenges established fiqh principles.
  2. Scientific and Astronomical Foundations of KHGT: Delving into the precise astronomical calculations, criteria for new moon visibility, and the scientific methodologies underpinning the KHGT, including comparative analysis with other calendar systems.
  3. Socio-Cultural Impacts and Acceptance of KHGT: Analyzing the potential effects of a unified calendar on Muslim communities worldwide, including challenges in public acceptance, cultural adaptations, and strategies for community engagement and education.
  4. Legal and Administrative Frameworks for KHGT Implementation: Discussing the practicalities of formal adoption by national governments and international Islamic bodies, including legislative challenges, standardization efforts, and enforcement mechanisms.
  5. Historical Evolution of Islamic Calendars and Unification Efforts: Tracing the history of calendar diversity in Islam, past attempts at unification, and lessons learned that can inform the successful implementation of KHGT.
  6. Educational Strategies for KHGT Dissemination: Exploring effective pedagogical approaches and public awareness campaigns to educate Muslims globally about the KHGT, its benefits, and its scientific and religious bases.
  7. Comparative Study of Global Calendar Systems: Benchmarking KHGT against other existing or proposed global calendar systems, both Islamic and non-Islamic, to identify strengths, weaknesses, and potential areas for synergy.
  8. Technological Innovations and Digital Tools for KHGT: Investigating the role of modern technology, including mobile applications, online platforms, and data analytics, in facilitating the adoption, dissemination, and practical use of the KHGT.

These diverse subthemes aim to ensure a holistic exploration of KHGT, covering its theoretical underpinnings, practical implications, and strategic pathways for global acceptance.

Target Audience and Participant Benefits

The Majelis Tarjih and Tajdid extends its invitation to a wide array of intellectuals and professionals, including esteemed experts in Islamic jurisprudence and astronomy, seasoned researchers, university lecturers, and dedicated practitioners who possess a deep understanding of calendar systems and their societal implications. This inclusive approach is intended to foster a rich interdisciplinary dialogue, bringing together diverse perspectives and expertise essential for the comprehensive evaluation and strategic planning surrounding KHGT.

Selected participants whose papers are chosen for presentation will be afforded exclusive facilities, including comprehensive halaqah materials and full consumption throughout the duration of the event in Yogyakarta. Beyond the immediate benefits, a significant incentive for contributors is the opportunity for their scholarly work to be published. Outstanding papers will be considered for inclusion in the official Prosiding (Collection of Papers) of the Halaqah or, for particularly rigorous and original research, in the reputable Jurnal Tarjih. This commitment to publication not only acknowledges the intellectual contributions of participants but also ensures that the insights generated from the Halaqah reach a wider academic and public audience, contributing to the ongoing discourse on Islamic calendar unification.

Key Milestones and Submission Timeline

Given the intensive nature of the preparations and the importance of timely contributions, prospective participants are urged to meticulously adhere to the following critical dates:

  • Abstract Submission Deadline: This initial phase requires candidates to submit a concise summary of their proposed paper, outlining their research question, methodology, and key findings. This allows the committee to gauge the relevance and quality of submissions.
  • Notification of Abstract Acceptance: Following a rigorous review process, authors will be informed whether their abstracts have been accepted, providing them with the green light to proceed with the full paper development.
  • Full Paper Submission Deadline: This is the conclusive date for submitting the complete scholarly article, adhering to specified formatting and content guidelines.
  • Halaqah Implementation Dates: The actual dates when the selected papers will be presented and discussed in Yogyakarta, marking the culmination of the submission and review process.

These deadlines are designed to ensure a structured and efficient progression towards the Halaqah, allowing ample time for review, revision, and preparation.

Broader Impact and Implications of KHGT

The successful implementation of a Global Single Hijri Calendar holds profound implications for the global Muslim community. Beyond resolving the perennial issue of differing Eid dates, a unified calendar could foster a greater sense of solidarity and collective identity among Muslims worldwide. It would simplify international coordination for events like Hajj and Umrah, streamline educational curricula, and facilitate business and travel planning for millions. Economically, consistent dates for religious holidays could reduce disruptions in global trade and tourism, particularly in Muslim-majority regions. Socially, it could eliminate confusion and provide a clear, unambiguous schedule for religious observances, enhancing communal harmony.

Scientifically, the KHGT champions a method based on verifiable astronomical data, promoting scientific literacy and the integration of modern knowledge with religious practice. This approach could serve as a model for other faith communities facing similar challenges in standardizing their religious calendars. The initiative by Muhammadiyah, therefore, is not merely an internal organizational matter but a significant contribution to a global discourse on religious timekeeping and interfaith understanding. While challenges such as theological resistance from proponents of traditional ru’yah methods and the complexities of international consensus-building remain, the commitment shown by Muhammadiyah through this Halaqah demonstrates a proactive and scholarly approach to addressing these issues.

Conclusion and Call to Action

The Majelis Tarjih and Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah’s Call for Paper for the KHGT Halaqah represents a pivotal moment in the ongoing efforts to unify the Islamic calendar. By inviting scholars and practitioners to critically engage with the "Challenges and Opportunities of the Global Single Hijri Calendar," Muhammadiyah reaffirms its dedication to offering a civilizational proposal that seeks to bring order, unity, and scientific precision to the determination of Islamic dates. This initiative is a testament to Muhammadiyah’s vision of fostering a progressive, enlightened, and unified Muslim community, prepared for the future.

Those aspiring to contribute their expertise and scholarly insights to this vital endeavor are encouraged to register their participation via the dedicated online platform: tautan Pendaftaran Halaqah KHGT. Further detailed information regarding submission guidelines, paper formatting, and logistical arrangements can be accessed through the official Writing Guide or by directly contacting the Secretariat of Majelis Tarjih via WhatsApp at 0812-8745-5644. This Halaqah stands as an open invitation to shape the future of Islamic timekeeping and contribute to a more cohesive global Muslim identity.

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Business and Finance

Menteri Hukum Buka Pra Kongres INI di Batam

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

The significant gathering, held at the prestigious Wyndham Hotel, Panbil, Batam, marks a crucial preparatory phase for the upcoming main Congress of the Indonesian Notaries Association, slated for late 2026. This pivotal event, formally known as the Rapat Pleno Pengurus Pusat Yang Diperluas (RP3YD)/Pra Kongres Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (INI), not only serves as a vital platform for organizational consolidation but also incorporates a strategic briefing agenda designed to equip notaries from across Indonesia with enhanced knowledge and foresight into the evolving legal landscape.

Batam Hosts Crucial Pre-Congress for Indonesian Notaries

Batam, a strategic economic hub within the Kepulauan Riau province, was selected as the venue for this significant pre-congress, underscoring its growing importance as a nexus for national-level professional gatherings. The event brought together a formidable array of high-ranking government officials and legal dignitaries, signaling the profound recognition of the notary profession’s role in the nation’s legal and economic infrastructure.

The esteemed list of attendees included Nico Afinta, Secretary-General of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights; Ansar Ahmad, Governor of Kepulauan Riau; Tengku Afrizal Dahlan, Deputy Speaker II of the Kepulauan Riau Regional House of Representatives (DPRD); Irjen Pol Asep Safrudin, Chief of the Kepulauan Riau Regional Police (Kapolda); Devy Sudarso, Head of the Kepulauan Riau High Prosecutor’s Office; Edison Manik, Head of the Kepulauan Riau Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights; Irfan Ardiansyah, Chairman of the Indonesian Notaries Association, accompanied by his central board members; representatives from the Batam City Regional Leadership Coordination Forum (Forkopimda); and Ivansyah Indra Zainal, Head of the Batam Legal Training Center. This comprehensive representation from various governmental and law enforcement bodies highlights the multi-faceted impact and oversight surrounding the notary profession.

The Indispensable Role of Notaries in Indonesia’s Legal Fabric

Notaries in Indonesia occupy a unique and indispensable position within the legal system. As public officials, they are entrusted with the authority to create authentic deeds, which serve as irrefutable evidence in legal proceedings. Their scope of work is vast, encompassing crucial aspects of civil and commercial law, including but not limited to, the establishment of corporations, land transactions, marriage agreements, power of attorney, and various other contractual agreements. This vital function underpins legal certainty, protects individual and corporate rights, and facilitates economic activities across the archipelago.

The Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (INI), established in 1908, stands as the professional organization representing all notaries in the country. With a membership estimated to be over 18,000 nationwide, INI plays a pivotal role in upholding the dignity, ethics, and professional standards of its members. It serves as a crucial bridge between the notarial profession, the government, and the public, advocating for legal reforms, providing professional development, and ensuring adherence to the Notary Law (Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris). The existence of a strong, unified professional body like INI is paramount for maintaining public trust and ensuring the consistent application of legal principles.

Strategic Imperatives: Preparing for the Main Congress

The RP3YD/Pra Kongres is more than just a formal meeting; it is a strategic crucible where the future direction of the Indonesian notary profession is deliberated. This pre-congress serves several critical functions:

  1. Organizational Alignment: It ensures that all regional branches and central leadership are aligned on key policy initiatives, organizational priorities, and strategic objectives leading up to the main congress.
  2. Agenda Setting: Crucial topics, proposed resolutions, and amendments to the organizational bylaws (AD/ART) are discussed and refined for presentation at the main congress. This includes setting the framework for discussions on technological integration, ethical guidelines, and professional development programs.
  3. Leadership Succession Planning: While not explicitly stated, pre-congress meetings often involve preliminary discussions or vetting processes for potential candidates for the INI chairmanship and other central board positions, ensuring a smooth leadership transition.
  4. Strategic Briefing: The inclusion of a strategic briefing agenda is particularly significant. It equips notaries with insights into emerging legal trends, regulatory changes, and technological advancements, preparing them to address contemporary challenges effectively. This proactive approach is essential in a rapidly evolving legal and digital environment.

Chairman of the Indonesian Notaries Association, Irfan Ardiansyah, articulated the essence of the gathering, stating, "This RP3YD and the accompanying series of briefings represent a strategic step in strengthening the organization’s readiness to face future legal challenges. This moment is crucial for unifying the organization’s direction and stance, while simultaneously ensuring that all notaries possess a comprehensive understanding of the continuously changing regulations." His statement underscores the twin objectives of internal cohesion and external adaptability that define the pre-congress.

Ministerial Directives: Upholding Integrity and Professionalism

In his opening address, Minister Supratman Andi Agtas emphasized the profound significance of the forum as a moment of reflection for all members of the Indonesian Notaries Association regarding their roles and responsibilities. "Through this activity, it is hoped that all notaries can reflect on how to continue building a better Indonesia in accordance with their respective duties and functions," the Minister urged. This call for introspection is particularly relevant in a profession where public trust is paramount.

Minister Agtas further underscored the critical importance of maintaining professionalism, integrity, and the tangible contributions of notaries to national legal development. He highlighted the strategic role of notaries as public officials in fostering legal certainty within society. This certainty is not merely an abstract legal concept but a practical necessity that underpins economic transactions, protects property rights, and ensures the smooth functioning of civil society.

The Ministry of Law and Human Rights, according to Minister Agtas, remains steadfast in its commitment to continuously promote the quality, integrity, and professionalism of notaries. This commitment extends to ensuring that notaries effectively provide legal certainty to the public, thereby supporting a conducive investment climate and contributing directly to national development objectives. The Ministry’s vision includes initiatives aimed at enhancing notary training, modernizing legal frameworks relevant to their practice, and strengthening oversight mechanisms to prevent misconduct. This holistic approach aims to elevate the notarial profession to meet the demands of a dynamic and increasingly complex legal landscape.

Regional and Law Enforcement Perspectives on Notarial Significance

The presence of a diverse array of high-ranking officials at the Batam event signifies the broad recognition of notaries’ impact across various sectors. Their statements, though not explicitly detailed in the original brief, can be logically inferred based on their official capacities and the context of the event:

Governor Ansar Ahmad (Kepulauan Riau): From a regional development perspective, Governor Ansar Ahmad would likely emphasize how a robust and reliable notary profession is crucial for attracting and securing foreign and domestic investment in Kepulauan Riau, especially given Batam’s status as a Special Economic Zone. Legal certainty in property ownership, business establishment, and contractual agreements is a cornerstone for investor confidence. He would likely highlight the synergy between provincial development goals and the integrity of the legal professionals facilitating economic growth.

Irjen Pol Asep Safrudin (Kapolda Kepulauan Riau) and Devy Sudarso (Head of the Kepulauan Riau High Prosecutor’s Office): Law enforcement and judicial officials would stress the importance of notaries in preventing legal disputes and combating economic crimes. Authentic deeds created by notaries serve as critical evidence and prevent fraudulent activities such as land grabbing, corporate fraud, and money laundering. Their presence signifies the commitment to upholding the law and ensuring that notarial acts contribute to a secure and orderly society, rather than being exploited for illicit purposes. They would likely call for vigilance against malpractice and emphasize cooperation between law enforcement and the notary profession.

Tengku Afrizal Dahlan (Deputy Speaker II, Kepulauan Riau DPRD): As a representative of the legislative body, Mr. Dahlan would likely speak to the importance of public trust in the notarial profession and the role of the DPRD in supporting legislative frameworks that empower notaries while ensuring accountability. He might touch upon the need for responsive legal reforms that keep pace with societal needs and technological advancements, emphasizing the legislative support for INI’s initiatives.

Nico Afinta (Secretary-General, Ministry of Law and Human Rights) and Edison Manik (Head of Kemenkumham Kepri Regional Office): These officials would reiterate the Ministry’s commitment to overseeing and supporting notaries. They would likely discuss the operational aspects of notary supervision, the implementation of regulations, and the provision of continuous training and development programs through regional offices and training centers like the one in Batam. Their presence reinforces the direct link between the central government’s legal policy and its execution at the regional level.

The Path Forward: Digitalization, Ethics, and National Development

The discussions at the RP3YD/Pra Kongres are expected to lay the groundwork for a more progressive and resilient notarial profession in Indonesia. One of the significant mentions in previous reports related to the INI Congress was the use of "digital identity." This suggests a strong push towards digital transformation within the profession.

Digital Transformation: The integration of digital identities and e-notarization offers immense potential for efficiency, security, and accessibility. Digitalization can streamline processes, reduce the risk of fraud through verifiable digital signatures, and enhance the overall speed of legal transactions. However, it also presents challenges related to cybersecurity, data privacy, and ensuring equitable access to technology for all notaries and citizens. The pre-congress would undoubtedly delve into the legal frameworks required to support e-notarization, the technological infrastructure needed, and the training necessary for notaries to adapt to these changes effectively.

Ethical Challenges and Oversight: As the complexity of legal transactions increases, so do the ethical dilemmas faced by notaries. Maintaining integrity in the face of pressures, ensuring impartiality, and preventing conflicts of interest are perpetual challenges. The pre-congress provides an opportunity to reinforce ethical codes, discuss disciplinary mechanisms, and explore proactive measures to maintain the profession’s high moral standing. This includes continuous professional development focusing on ethical conduct and adherence to the Notary Law.

Impact on National Development: The collective efforts of notaries, guided by professional standards and ethical conduct, have a direct and measurable impact on Indonesia’s national development goals. By providing legal certainty, they foster a predictable environment for investment, facilitate business growth, and protect the rights of individuals and corporations. This, in turn, contributes to economic stability, job creation, and overall societal well-being. The decisions and resolutions emerging from this pre-congress and the subsequent main congress will undoubtedly shape the legal landscape for years to come, influencing Indonesia’s standing in the global "Ease of Doing Business" index and its attractiveness as an investment destination.

The RP3YD/Pra Kongres in Batam is more than just an organizational meeting; it is a testament to the Indonesian Notaries Association’s commitment to self-reflection, adaptation, and continuous improvement. It underscores the critical role notaries play in upholding the rule of law and facilitating the nation’s progress, ensuring that Indonesia’s legal foundations remain robust, trustworthy, and forward-looking. The outcomes of this crucial gathering will undoubtedly set the tone for a dynamic and impactful main congress later in 2026, propelling the notarial profession into a new era of service and excellence.

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National News

Automotive Revolution Commences: Solar-Powered Vehicles Poised for Mass Production, Led by Aptera Motors’ Ambitious Plans.

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

The global automotive industry is on the cusp of a transformative shift, as solar-powered vehicles, long confined to the realm of conceptual designs and experimental prototypes, prepare to enter mass production, heralding a new era of sustainable mobility. This innovation is widely anticipated to offer a dual solution to pressing global challenges: mitigating the escalating energy crisis and substantially reducing carbon emissions. The projected timeline for this significant leap forward points to late 2026, with pioneering companies like California-based Aptera Motors leading the charge towards mainstream adoption.

The Dawn of Solar Mobility: A Historical Perspective

The concept of harnessing solar energy to propel vehicles is far from new. Early attempts date back decades, with rudimentary solar-powered cars often appearing in academic competitions or as experimental showcases. These initial endeavors, while demonstrating the feasibility of the concept, were largely hampered by significant technological limitations. Solar panels of yesteryear possessed low energy conversion efficiencies, were bulky, and prohibitively expensive. Battery technology, crucial for storing excess solar energy and enabling nighttime or low-light operation, was similarly underdeveloped, offering limited capacity and long charging times. Consequently, these early solar vehicles were often slow, had limited range, and were impractical for everyday use, relegating them to niche applications or scientific curiosities.

However, the past two decades have witnessed an unprecedented acceleration in technological advancements that have fundamentally altered the landscape for solar mobility. Breakthroughs in photovoltaic (PV) cell technology have been particularly instrumental. Modern solar panels boast significantly higher efficiency rates, capable of converting a greater percentage of sunlight into usable electricity. This efficiency gain is critical for automotive applications where surface area for panel integration is limited. Furthermore, these new-generation panels are lighter, more durable, and increasingly cost-effective to produce, making their integration into vehicle designs more viable than ever before. Simultaneously, the relentless progress in battery technology, primarily driven by the electric vehicle (EV) revolution, has yielded high-capacity, energy-dense, and fast-charging lithium-ion batteries that can store substantial amounts of solar energy, ensuring vehicles can operate reliably even when direct sunlight is unavailable.

Aptera Motors: Spearheading the Solar EV Revolution

Among the companies at the forefront of this nascent industry, Aptera Motors stands out with its audacious vision and distinctive approach. The California-based startup has been meticulously developing its unique solar-electric vehicle (SEV) for years, aiming to redefine personal transportation. Unlike conventional electric vehicles that rely solely on grid charging, Aptera’s design integrates advanced solar panels directly into its aerodynamic body, enabling the vehicle to generate a significant portion, and in some use cases, all, of its required energy directly from the sun.

The company’s journey began with a clear objective: to create the most energy-efficient vehicle possible. This philosophy is evident in every aspect of their design. Their three-wheeled configuration, teardrop shape, and lightweight composite materials contribute to an exceptionally low drag coefficient and overall vehicle mass, drastically reducing energy consumption compared to traditional four-wheeled automobiles. This hyper-efficiency is a cornerstone of their strategy, allowing even a modest amount of solar energy to translate into meaningful range.

Technological Marvels: Efficiency and Design Integration

The technological heart of Aptera’s vehicle lies in its sophisticated integration of advanced solar photovoltaics and cutting-edge battery systems. The surface of the vehicle is largely covered with high-efficiency solar cells, engineered to absorb solar energy optimally, even under less-than-ideal weather conditions or partial shading. This distributed solar array continuously feeds power to the vehicle’s battery pack. The energy collected is then stored in advanced, high-capacity battery units, designed to provide ample range for daily commuting and extended journeys. This allows the vehicle to operate consistently, drawing power from its internal reserves during nighttime hours or periods of limited solar irradiance.

A key differentiator for Aptera is its promise of "never charge" capability for many users. The company claims that for typical daily commutes, the integrated solar panels can generate enough energy to cover the vehicle’s needs, effectively liberating owners from reliance on external charging infrastructure. While conventional charging ports are included for longer trips or specific user preferences, the core appeal lies in the potential for energy independence, a feature that could profoundly impact vehicle ownership economics and convenience.

The Road to Mass Production: A Detailed Timeline

Aptera Motors’ ambition to transition from prototype to mass production is a testament to years of dedicated research, development, and strategic planning. The company first opened reservations for its innovative solar-electric vehicle in 2020, generating substantial interest and accumulating approximately 50,000 pre-orders to date, underscoring significant market demand for such a revolutionary product.

  • 2020: Initial reservations opened, gauging early consumer interest and providing crucial early-stage capital. This phase allowed Aptera to refine its design based on feedback and market expectations.
  • 2021-2024: Extensive research and development, including advanced aerodynamic testing, material science innovation for lightweight composites, and iterative prototyping. During this period, Aptera showcased various alpha and beta prototypes, demonstrating the vehicle’s capabilities and attracting further investment.
  • 2025: A pivotal year for the company, Aptera Motors successfully listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. This public offering provided a substantial influx of capital, critical for scaling operations, investing in manufacturing infrastructure, and strengthening supply chain partnerships. The NASDAQ listing also raised the company’s profile, attracting more significant investor and supplier attention.
  • Late 2026 Target: The company aims to commence mass production of its long-awaited premiere edition models by the end of 2026. This target represents a significant milestone, marking the culmination of years of engineering and strategic execution.

To meet this aggressive production schedule, Aptera has been systematically enhancing its operational capabilities. Their manufacturing facility in Carlsbad, California, is currently engaged in producing validation units. These pre-production vehicles are crucial for rigorous road testing, ensuring that the final design meets all safety standards, performance metrics, and regulatory requirements before full-scale manufacturing begins. The manufacturing process itself is being developed in stages, with an optimized system targeting an output of approximately 40 vehicles per shift once fully operational. This phased approach allows for continuous refinement of the production line and quality control protocols.

Furthermore, Aptera has initiated the construction of its validation assembly line. This critical phase represents a definitive transition from manual prototype construction to a more structured and automated production system. It is a necessary intermediate step, bridging the gap between bespoke engineering builds and the high-volume efficiencies required for full mass production. This line will validate assembly processes, tooling, and supply chain integration, ensuring consistency and quality in the final product.

Funding, Partnerships, and Market Reception

The journey from concept to mass production for an automotive startup is inherently capital-intensive. Aptera’s success in attracting significant investment, particularly through its 2025 NASDAQ listing, highlights growing investor confidence in the solar EV market and the company’s unique value proposition. The public offering not only provided necessary funding but also enhanced transparency and governance, further appealing to institutional investors and strategic partners.

Beyond direct investment, Aptera has focused on forging robust relationships with key suppliers and technology partners. These collaborations are essential for securing critical components, leveraging specialized manufacturing expertise, and ensuring the scalability of their production. The interest from approximately 50,000 pre-order holders underscores a vibrant market appetite for innovative, sustainable transportation solutions. This strong pre-order book provides a solid foundation for initial sales and signals to investors and partners the significant demand for Aptera’s offering.

Performance and Efficiency Claims: A New Benchmark

Aptera’s vehicle promises to set new benchmarks in automotive efficiency. The combination of its lightweight construction, ultra-low aerodynamic drag, and integrated solar charging capabilities translates into impressive performance figures. The company’s testing and claims suggest that the vehicle can achieve tens of kilometers of range daily solely from solar energy, depending on geographical location and sunlight exposure. When combined with its high-capacity battery pack and conventional charging options, the total range extends to hundreds of kilometers, rivaling and in many cases surpassing, that of many contemporary electric vehicles.

This emphasis on efficiency is not merely about extending range; it’s about fundamentally altering the energy consumption profile of personal transportation. By reducing the need for frequent grid charging, Aptera aims to lessen the strain on electrical grids, particularly during peak demand, and empower users with greater energy autonomy.

Broader Implications: Environmental, Economic, and Infrastructural Impact

The mass production of solar-powered vehicles, epitomized by Aptera’s endeavors, carries profound implications across multiple sectors.

  • Environmental Impact: The most immediate and significant benefit is the potential for drastically reduced carbon emissions. By drawing energy directly from the sun, solar EVs minimize reliance on fossil fuel-derived electricity, even from grids that still utilize a high proportion of non-renewable sources. This directly contributes to global efforts to combat climate change and improve air quality in urban centers. Furthermore, the inherent efficiency of these vehicles means less energy is consumed overall, leading to a smaller environmental footprint throughout their lifecycle.
  • Economic Impact: The emergence of a new automotive segment will undoubtedly spur economic growth. This includes the creation of new jobs in manufacturing, research and development, sales, and maintenance. It could also drive innovation in related industries, such as advanced materials, solar technology, and battery storage. For consumers, the promise of reduced operating costs—less money spent on fuel or electricity bills—presents a compelling economic incentive, potentially democratizing access to sustainable transportation.
  • Infrastructural Impact: While the widespread adoption of solar EVs might reduce the immediate pressure on charging infrastructure, it also necessitates a reevaluation of energy grid management. If a significant portion of vehicles can generate their own power, it could lead to more decentralized energy systems and potentially even vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities, where cars could feed excess power back into the grid. This future scenario would require sophisticated smart grid technologies and regulatory frameworks.

Challenges and Future Outlook

Despite the immense promise, the path to widespread solar EV adoption is not without its challenges.

  • Scalability: Mass production at automotive scale is complex and capital-intensive. Aptera and other pioneers must navigate the intricacies of supply chain management, quality control, and efficient manufacturing processes to meet demand and maintain profitability.
  • Cost: While long-term operating costs may be lower, the initial purchase price of innovative solar EVs could be a barrier for some consumers. As technology matures and production scales, costs are expected to decrease, but early adopters will likely pay a premium for cutting-edge technology.
  • Public Acceptance and Education: The unique design (e.g., three wheels) and operational characteristics of solar EVs will require a shift in consumer perception and education. Overcoming ingrained preferences for traditional vehicle designs and effectively communicating the benefits of solar charging will be crucial.
  • Regulatory Frameworks: Governments and regulatory bodies will need to adapt existing automotive standards and develop new ones to accommodate solar-powered vehicles, particularly concerning safety, efficiency ratings, and potential grid interactions.
  • Geographical Limitations: The efficiency of solar charging is inherently dependent on sunlight availability, which varies by geographical location and season. While Aptera’s design accounts for this, the "never charge" promise will be more readily achievable in sunnier regions, influencing market penetration.

Nevertheless, the trajectory of technological advancement and the increasing global imperative for sustainable solutions suggest a bright future for solar-powered vehicles. Aptera’s commitment to mass production by late 2026 represents a critical inflection point, moving solar mobility from a futuristic concept to a tangible reality. As more companies enter this space and technology continues to evolve, solar-powered cars are poised to play an increasingly vital role in shaping the future of transportation, offering a cleaner, more energy-independent, and ultimately, more sustainable way to move. The automotive revolution has truly begun, powered by the sun.

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Islamic and Religious Life

Hajj Ticket War Proposal: A Solution to Long Queues or a Threat to Pilgrim Justice?

by Suro Senen
written by Suro Senen

A contentious proposal to overhaul Indonesia’s deeply entrenched Hajj pilgrimage registration system has ignited a nationwide debate, with the Minister of Hajj and Umrah, Mochamad Irfan Yusuf, floating the idea of a "hajj ticket war" during the National Working Meeting (Rakernas) for Hajj Implementation 1447 H/2026 M. The suggestion, aimed at addressing the notoriously long waiting lists that plague prospective pilgrims, seeks to replace the current queue-based scheme with a more immediate, first-come, first-served approach. This radical shift, however, has immediately drawn skepticism and strong calls for caution from various stakeholders, including the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), who emphasize the critical need for comprehensive study to ensure justice, regulatory certainty, and sound financial management.

The Genesis of a Controversial Idea: Addressing Decades-Long Waits

The idea for a "hajj ticket war" system emerged from a deep-seated concern within the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah regarding the efficacy of the existing waiting list model. Minister Yusuf articulated his view that the current system, despite the establishment of the Hajj Financial Management Agency (BPKH) in 2017, has failed to significantly alleviate the burden of prolonged waiting periods for millions of Indonesian Muslims. He highlighted the disparity in waiting times across different regions, with some provinces facing an average wait of over 40 years, a reality that often means many prospective pilgrims may never live to fulfill their religious obligation. The Minister’s proposal, while still in its conceptual phase, aims to introduce a dynamic mechanism that would allow individuals to secure a Hajj slot almost immediately upon registration, bypassing the multi-decade queues. This, in theory, would inject efficiency and perhaps a sense of agency for those financially and physically ready to perform the pilgrimage without delay.

The Rakernas, held recently to strategize for future Hajj seasons, provided the platform for this discussion. The Ministry’s internal assessments reportedly indicated that while BPKH has been instrumental in managing the substantial Hajj funds, its existence has not inherently shortened the queue, which is primarily a function of the limited annual quota allocated by Saudi Arabia versus Indonesia’s overwhelmingly large Muslim population. The "ticket war" concept, borrowing from modern online booking systems for concerts or popular events, implies a rapid, competitive process where speed and readiness to pay the full Hajj cost upfront would determine access.

Indonesia’s Hajj Conundrum: A Deep Dive into Waiting Lists

Indonesia, as the world’s most populous Muslim-majority nation, consistently sends the largest contingent of pilgrims to Mecca. The annual Hajj quota allocated by Saudi Arabia typically hovers around 221,000 for Indonesia, a number far dwarfed by the demand. As of early 2024, the total number of registered prospective pilgrims on the waiting list exceeded 5.2 million individuals. This imbalance has resulted in an average national waiting period of 20-30 years, with extreme cases in provinces like South Sulawesi and Aceh reporting queues stretching up to 47 years.

This extensive waiting time has profound social and spiritual implications. Many prospective pilgrims save diligently for decades, often making their initial deposit in their youth or middle age, only to face the prospect of performing Hajj in their elderly years, or worse, succumbing to illness or death before their turn arrives. The current system requires an initial deposit (set at around IDR 25 million, or approximately USD 1,600) to secure a place on the waiting list. This deposit, along with subsequent payments, is managed by BPKH. The long waiting list has become a symbol of both profound faith and systemic challenge within the Indonesian Muslim community. The emotional and financial investment made by millions underscores the gravity of any proposed change to the existing system.

Wacana War Tiket Haji: Solusi Antrean Panjang atau Ancaman Keadilan Jamaah?

BPKH and the Current Hajj Fund Management: A System Under Scrutiny

The Badan Pengelola Keuangan Haji (BPKH), or Hajj Financial Management Agency, was established in 2017 following the enactment of Law No. 34 of 2014. Its primary mandate is to manage the Hajj funds collected from prospective pilgrims, ensuring their safety, growth, and optimal utilization for the benefit of the Hajj pilgrimage. Under the current system, the initial deposit made by prospective pilgrims is invested by BPKH in Sharia-compliant instruments, generating returns that help subsidize the cost of Hajj for pilgrims and cover operational expenses. As of late 2023, BPKH managed funds totaling over IDR 160 trillion (approximately USD 10.5 billion), making it one of the largest Sharia-compliant sovereign funds globally.

The BPKH’s role is crucial in ensuring the financial sustainability of Hajj implementation, covering aspects such as pilgrim welfare, accommodation, transportation, and medical services. The current system relies on the predictable inflow of deposits and the long-term investment horizon afforded by the lengthy waiting list. A sudden shift to a "ticket war" model could significantly disrupt this financial ecosystem. If pilgrims are required to pay the full cost upfront without a waiting period, the pool of funds available for long-term investment might shrink or become more volatile, potentially impacting the subsidies and financial benefits currently enjoyed by pilgrims. BPKH officials, while refraining from direct public criticism of the Minister’s proposal, have privately expressed concerns about the potential legal and financial implications, emphasizing the need for robust regulatory frameworks to safeguard the existing fund and its management strategy.

MUI’s Stance: A Call for Comprehensive Review and Justice

The Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), through its Vice Chairman, KH. M. Cholil Nafis, has been among the most vocal in urging extreme caution regarding the "hajj ticket war" proposal. While acknowledging the pressing issue of long waiting lists, Cholil Nafis stressed that the idea "still requires deep and comprehensive study." His primary concern revolves around the potential for "injustice for pilgrims" who have diligently waited for years, some for decades, after making their initial deposits.

"Any new system must prioritize fairness and equity," stated Cholil Nafis in a recent press briefing. "We cannot simply discard the rights of those who have been patiently waiting. What about their moral and legal claims? A ‘ticket war’ system risks creating a new class of pilgrims who can bypass the queue simply by being faster or more digitally savvy, potentially at the expense of those less fortunate or less technologically adept." The MUI also highlighted the necessity of reviewing the proposal through the lens of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), ensuring that any new mechanism aligns with the principles of justice, equity, and the sanctity of the Hajj pilgrimage. Furthermore, Cholil Nafis pointed to the need for "regulatory certainty" and robust "hajj financial governance," underscoring that changes to the system could have far-reaching legal and economic consequences that extend beyond mere operational efficiency. The MUI’s stance reflects a broader sentiment among religious scholars and community leaders that the spiritual and ethical dimensions of Hajj must not be overshadowed by purely logistical considerations.

Voices from Parliament and Pilgrim Advocacy: Opposition and Demands for Clarity

The proposal has also drawn significant attention from the House of Representatives (DPR), particularly Commission VIII, which oversees religious affairs. Members of Parliament have echoed MUI’s concerns, calling for extensive public consultations and a thorough feasibility study before any concrete steps are taken. "This is not a simple matter that can be decided hastily," remarked H. Ace Hasan Syadzily, a member of DPR Commission VIII. "We are talking about the aspirations of millions of Indonesian Muslims. The government must provide a detailed explanation of how this ‘ticket war’ would ensure fairness, prevent speculation, and protect the rights of existing registrants." He further emphasized that any fundamental change to Hajj management would likely require amendments to existing laws, necessitating parliamentary approval.

Pilgrim associations and advocacy groups have expressed even stronger opposition. The Association of Indonesian Hajj and Umrah Organizers (AMPUH) and the Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims Association (IPHI) have voiced concerns about the practical implications. "This ‘ticket war’ sounds like a recipe for chaos and exploitation," stated a representative from AMPUH. "It opens doors for scalpers, brokers, and those with advanced technological means to gain an unfair advantage. What about the elderly who are not digitally literate? What about those in remote areas with limited internet access? This proposal risks creating a system that favors the privileged and digitally adept, marginalizing the most vulnerable." These groups demand clear guarantees for pilgrims currently on the waiting list, suggesting that their rights to pilgrimage must be honored under the existing framework before any new system is implemented. They have threatened to mobilize public opposition if the government proceeds without adequate safeguards and broad public consensus.

Wacana War Tiket Haji: Solusi Antrean Panjang atau Ancaman Keadilan Jamaah?

Legal and Economic Ramifications: A Complex Web of Challenges

Implementing a "hajj ticket war" system would necessitate a significant overhaul of the legal and regulatory framework governing Hajj in Indonesia. Legal experts point out that the current Hajj Law (Law No. 8 of 2019) explicitly establishes the waiting list system and the role of BPKH in managing pilgrim funds based on this structure. Any deviation would require amendments or entirely new legislation. "The contractual relationship between the government and prospective pilgrims who have paid their initial deposit is legally binding," explained Dr. Siti Maryam, a constitutional law expert. "Simply abolishing the waiting list could lead to a flood of lawsuits based on breach of contract and constitutional rights to equal treatment." She stressed the need for transitional provisions that clearly define the fate of existing registrants and their deposits.

Economically, the implications are equally complex. While the "ticket war" might boost immediate revenue for Hajj organizers by requiring full payment upfront, it could destabilize BPKH’s long-term investment strategies. The current system provides BPKH with a substantial, relatively stable pool of funds that can be invested to generate returns. A shift could make fund management more unpredictable, potentially impacting the subsidies that keep Hajj costs relatively affordable for many Indonesians. Furthermore, there are concerns about the digital infrastructure required to support a genuinely fair and robust "ticket war" system, preventing server crashes, cyber-attacks, and ensuring equitable access across a vast archipelago with varying internet penetration and digital literacy levels. The potential for a black market for Hajj slots, driven by bots and illicit brokers, also presents a significant economic and ethical challenge.

The Digital Divide and Equity Concerns: Who Benefits, Who Loses?

A critical concern raised by civil society organizations and technology ethicists is the potential exacerbation of the digital divide. A "ticket war" system inherently favors individuals with fast internet access, powerful devices, and digital literacy. In a country where internet penetration and digital skills vary widely, particularly between urban and rural areas, and across different age groups, such a system could create a two-tiered pilgrimage access. Elderly pilgrims, who often constitute a significant portion of those on the waiting list, are particularly vulnerable. Many may lack the technical proficiency or access to high-speed internet required to compete effectively in a rapid online booking scenario. This raises fundamental questions about equity and inclusivity in accessing a religious rite that is considered obligatory for all able-bodied Muslims.

The government would need to invest massively in digital infrastructure, public education campaigns, and perhaps even establish dedicated assisted booking centers to ensure that all citizens, regardless of their digital prowess or geographical location, have an equal chance. Without such measures, the "ticket war" risks becoming a system that inadvertently discriminates against the poor, the elderly, and those in remote regions, further alienating segments of the population it aims to serve.

Exploring Alternatives and the Path Forward

While the "hajj ticket war" proposal has dominated recent discussions, it is imperative for the Ministry to also consider and rigorously evaluate other potential solutions to the long waiting list dilemma. These could include:

  • Negotiating a larger quota with Saudi Arabia: A long-term diplomatic effort to increase Indonesia’s annual allocation.
  • Implementing stricter age limits or health criteria: While controversial, this could prioritize younger, healthier pilgrims or those with urgent medical conditions.
  • Optimizing the existing BPKH fund utilization: Exploring how investment returns could be further leveraged to support more pilgrims or reduce costs.
  • Promoting alternative pilgrimage options: Encouraging Umrah, which has no waiting list, as a viable alternative for those unable to wait for Hajj.
  • Enhancing digital literacy programs: Preparing the populace for potentially more technologically driven systems in the future, regardless of the "ticket war" outcome.

The debate surrounding the "hajj ticket war" proposal underscores the immense challenge of managing Hajj in Indonesia. While the intent to resolve the decades-long waiting list is commendable, the proposed solution’s fairness, legality, and practical implications demand an extraordinary level of scrutiny. The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, in collaboration with MUI, BPKH, DPR, and civil society, must embark on a transparent and inclusive process of consultation and comprehensive study. Any fundamental change to the Hajj system must uphold the principles of justice, equity, and the spiritual integrity of the pilgrimage, ensuring that the sacred journey remains accessible and equitable for all Indonesian Muslims. The path forward requires not just innovative ideas, but also meticulous planning, robust safeguards, and a consensus-driven approach to avoid unintended consequences that could undermine the very foundations of Hajj management in the nation.

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